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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hand Warmers

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During the cooler seasons, Virginia gets very cold and thus, the people living in Virginia also get cold. The colder temperatures, not only in Virginia, are the reason for the existence of hand warmers. The experiment conducted was perused for the sole reason of saving money on these said hand warmers. If having more sodium acetate in the hand warmer lasts longer with the highest temperatures than having less sodium acetate, then one would simply buys the bigger hand warmer. After making sodium acetate, the liquid was placed into pouches, which would go on to be tested for their temperatures over a certain period of time. The pouches would be activated and placed into cups of water and the temperatures of the water would be recorded at intervals. …show more content…

The reusable hand warmer is a pouch filled with a sodium acetate solution that uses exothermic crystallization to warm up. Exothermic crystallization means that, when activated, the hand warmer will radiate heat by the process of crystallization. To activate the process, the pouch has an inverted metal disk floating around within the solution and when pressed or “clicked”, the process initiates (Brain, …show more content…

The formula for sodium acetate is NaC2H3O2, it is quite soluble in water, soluble in ether and slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol. While the chemical compound melts at 622.8℉, it does not have a boiling point for it will decompose. A hydrate is a chemical compound that forms when one or more water molecules are added to the molecules of another substance. Since sodium acetate is a trihydrate (NaC2H3O2·3H2O), it has three molecules of water for every molecule of sodium acetate and because of this, anhydrous sodium acetate quickly transitions into a trihydrate. This is due to sodium acetate being quite hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air. Sodium acetate is made by reacting either sodium hydroxide - NaOH / Caustic Soda - or sodium carbonate - Na2CO3 / Soda Ash (which can be replaced with sodium bicarbonate/ NaHCO3/ Baking Soda) - with acetic acid - HC2H3O2 / Vinegar. When it does form, sodium acetate establishes as a trihydrate but can be turned anhydrous by boiling and evaporating the reacting solution (Schlager,

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After seeing this data the two most effective look chemical at resisting energy was CaCl2 and LiCl. So we looked at the price of both of this chemical CaCl2 cost 6.55$ per 500g and LiCl cost 32.75$ per 500g because CaCl2 was substantially cheaper we decide to chose it to use in own hand warmer. We calculated that it would take 22g of CaCl2 to create a 20oC increase in temperature of 100ml of water. Some sources of error in this lab, would be heat escape from not be able to replace the lid of the calorement went adding chemical into it, inaccuracies in the balance, and not waiting of the proper time to recode the

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