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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Zebrafish

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Zebrafish advantages: handling, breeding and imaging techniques
Zebrafish are one of the most important vertebrate model organism in biological research They are small (2-4 cm long) and robust; one pair of zebrafish can lay between 100-200 eggs in a single mating every week. The embryos after fertilization develop externally and the growth rate is very fast. For a large part of the development (till the larval stage) they are transparent and this is a great advantage for imaging during development. Indeed, there are many reporter lines to image zebrafish morphology and also physiology as electrical conduction, myocardial contraction, etc.(Nüsslein-Volhard C. and. Dahm, 2002). Their size is small enough to fit with the working distance of …show more content…

Indeed, zebrafish is a good-established model to do preclinical tests on a large number of small molecules/drugs in cardiovascular disease (Berghmans et al.; 2008; Asnani and Peterson, 2014, Gut et al., 2017). “At now, are available 4 types of chemical screening assays on zebrafish: morphological screens (to screen chemical genetics and toxicology), behavioral screens (eg. use swimming kinetics to quantify the effects of the drug), fixed time-point/labeling assays (to get information on a cellular or tissue level) and fluorescence assays (reporter-based quantifications)” (Mathias et al.; 2012). The usual basic format of the small molecules/drugs screening starts positioning zebrafish embryos or larvae in a microtiter plate, at this point, compounds are administrate by immersion and at the end of the treatment is it possible to screen the fish (Peterson and Fisherman; 2004, Mathias et al.; 2012, Pylatiuk et al., 2014). Nice examples are: the development of a platform to detect automatically the heartbeat in zebrafish embryos to categorize the toxic levels of the compounds and to speed up the investigation of compounds to treat cardiac disease (Pylatiuk et al., 2014). And, a screening platform development to evaluate the cardiovascular toxicity of small compounds checking the hearbeat of isolated adult heart zebrafish keeped in ex-vivo culture (Kitambi et al.,

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Here is how the zebra mussels destroyed and helped the river. Zebra mussels are small, bivalve mussels originally from the lakes and rivers located in Eastern Europe and in the western parts of Russia, which includes the Caspian Sea. Macalester.edu states that “they are filter feeders, pulling nutrients directly from the water.” They are about the size of your fingernail and can grow up to two inches long. They most likely came over to America “in the ballast water of ocean-going ships entering the Great Lakes.

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Invasive species are “species that is non-native to the ecosystem whose introduction is likely to cause economic and environmental harm”. A example of Invasive species would be the Zebra Mussel. Zebra Mussels or also known as Dreissena polymorpha is a small freshwater mussel. The Zebra Mussels can live up to three-nine years which can grow up to 2 inches. These mussels attach to hard surfaces such as rocks or boats.

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Did you know that zebra mussels cost the economy 5 billion dollars a year? 5 billion!? The zebra mussels are an invasive species that came from Europe to the states. They attached to boats and traveled there.

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M. musculus are a common model organism because of the advantages of the similarities to humans. It is especially used for research within medicine and genetic research 15. G. gallus have long been used as a model organism, to model human diseases and for developmental biology 16. X. tropicalis, also known as the Western clawed frog are mainly used in research as a model organism to study early embryonic development and cell biology 17. D. rerio, also known as Zebrafish are used as a model organism within several research fields, toxicology and developmental biology are two examples 18.

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Blackfish (2013) is an American documentary film directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite and produced by Manuel V. Oteyza. The documentary primarily concerns the controversy of captured Killer Whales at the theme park Sea World, primarily that of Tilikum, an Orca responsible for the deaths of 2010 SeaWorld trainer Dawn Brancheau and two other individuals. The documentary begins with this incident but goes as far back to the 1970 's show the audience how young Orcas are captured in the wild and taken from their families and natural environments. Since its release at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival Blackfish has achieved both critical acclaim and caused controversy regarding SeaWorld 's treatment of its animals as well as retaliation from SeaWorld as to the legitimacy of the film 's claims.

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Blackfish is a film on the various incidents involving orcas in SeaWorld, focusing on Tilikum especially, who killed three people. Blackfish argues that captivity causes psychological harm to orca. It claims that because orcas are used to swimming up to 100 miles per day, keeping them in small enclosures has a detrimental effect on their mental well-being. A neurologist interviewed in the film says that all orcas in captivity are emotionally scarred, traumatized, and are thus “ticking time bombs”. Evidence in the documentary is used to suggest that orcas exhibit signs of stress, hyperaggression, depression, and frustration, which, especially with Tilikum, seemingly manifested itself as violent outbursts against the trainers, and other orcas

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Canine cosmetic surgery has become an epidemic. “Over 130,000 puppies undergo this unnecessary cosmetic surgery, every year in the United States, (Broughton, par. 1). While some breeders feel these cosmetic procedures are acceptable. Further studies performed by Michigan State University have shown that there is no medical benefit to performing either procedure. There are approximately 70 breed of dogs that are subjected to unnecessary tail docking.

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Blackfish is a documentary written about the cruel way the killer whales are treated in SeaWorld. The documentary explains the circumstances in which the killer whales are caught, and the small spaces these huge animals are allowed to live in, which leads to short life span and aggravated behaviors of the otherwise gentle Orcas. The maltreatment is believed to have led the death of several trainers in Canada, America, and Spain, as the killer whales grew increasingly agitated with their conditions. A good documentary film must have a captivating storyline, real interviews, facts and statistics to back up claims, and actual footage. There are several documentaries being released on a weekly basis, in which "claims," are made but later repealed.

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The mussels grow up to 15mm in size and are striped, hence their name Zebra Mussel. The reason zebra mussels are so prominent within Canada’s waterways is because they easily go undetected, therefore when found, it is usually too late. This is because when the

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