Affirmative Action By Shelby Steele: Rhetorical Analysis

“Integration and Desegregation”, written by Ralph Wiley addresses issues with integration and how helpful it could be to desegregate areas in the community to benefit all of the citizens and not just one group.”Affirmative Action”, written by Shelby Steele addresses the issue of people using a tool that is meant to help as a reason to be lazy. Both of the authors in the passages use extreme negatives and positive examples to get their points across to their audience, resulting in the reader having to think about what the author is really saying.
Ralph Wiley addresses the issue of integration first, immediately drawing the reader’s attention to the issue at hand. Wiley begins with a question and then proceeds to provide an answer which makes

Steele begins addressing the issue by saying that “ By making black the color of preference, these mandates have re-burdened society with the very marriage of color and preference( in reverse) that we set out to eradicate.” In essence Shelby states that by allowing blacks to get a free privilege that whites do not have, the same issue that people were attempting to eradicate had just been reversed except this time in favor of African Americans. Shelby further explains that “ In integrated situations where blacks must compete with whites who may be better prepared, these explanations may quickly wear thin and expose the individual to racial as well as personal self doubt.” By using the example of college Shelby shows people that just because something is free does not mean it is beneficial in fact it may have the opposite effect it set out to achieve. At this point the audience has been made aware of a problem on several occasion and at this point in time Shelby begins to elaborate on the issue creating more intricate situations in which the free privilege will affect African Americans in the future. Shelby later goes on to speak on behalf of historic events determining that “ The concept of historic reparation grows out of man’s need to impose a degree of justice on the world

Looking at the modern office there are many “glass ceilings” that Steele refers to not only apply to minorities but to genders in general. Some bosses may stop people from being promoted because they are intimidated by women and do not think they should be placed on the same level as themselves, even though they are equally qualified for the position. Steele also talks about how a misused privileged can turn out to be a disadvantage such as the concept of welfare, because people use it to their advantage so much that it become a crutch for the rest of their lives. Wiley addresses a more individual process of failing to meet educational standards hence; “You get ballplayers who could barely form a compound sentence to keep a dog off them.” This statement is still true to this day due to the fact that so many people get accepted on full ride sports scholarships but their academics are below par, so that if something happens that keeps them from competing in sports they can not afford to stay in college nor can they keep their grades