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American Indian Treaties Summary

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Francis Paul Pucha in American Indian Treaties related how Indian treaties are in constant litigation, despite many of them are upheld by court decisions today. Despite recent Indian legal successes, shamefully the federal government wrote most, if not all, treaties without the best concerns for the Indians. While "treaty" implies a contract between sovereign nations, Indians were not always in a position of equal negotiators. The government demonstrated little intent to fulfill promises when force failed. During this same period three significant Supreme Court decisions (the Marshall Trilogy, 1823-1832) passed. These cases set precedence for the status of Indians in the country, while the Indian Removal policy clashed with those decisions. …show more content…

Their defiance then was framed during an era that defined Native American sovereign status and nationhood in relation to American constitutional interpretation. Their struggle was an early example of civil rights movement that took place within the constraints of three Supreme Court decisions and four federal treaties. The treaties with the Seminoles helped shape their relationship with the federal government. Representation through the Bureau, and as defined through the Supreme Court decisions, was a federal obligation (or rationalization) to protect their lands, grant them ability to self-govern, and provide means for their survival and advancement. Although federal recognition for the Seminoles was not achieved until decades later, these early treaties set the groundwork for the Seminoles to gain the status of sovereignty that established a government-to-government relationship between the United States and the nation status. Seminole defiance of federal and Creek tribal pressures contributed to their right to govern themselves, define their own membership and property; and regulate their business and domestic

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In the 1930s the federal government had put in place a set of policies know as the Indian New Deal. Natives of the Northwest Coast were encouraged to adopt governmental forms and constitutions to establish relations. The government had the final say in how tribes were coordinated, they controlled who sat in chairs of power and how things would be running. Following the 1950s federal policies towards the Indian people continue to vacillate. During the last past two decades of the twentieth century the tribes of Washington have been still making attempts to have the terms of the 1850 honored by the state and federal governments mostly in regards to fishing rights, to bring economic stability to the Native community through the utilization of

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982 Words | 4 Pages

Jackson was a democratic republican who was voted into office in 1828. During the election against john quincy adams , he appealed to the people through the common man. Because he was born in North Carolina , he presented many ideas that would benefit the common man. He also used the spoil system in order to gain supporters. The spoil system enabled people to get a position in government as long as they voted for him.

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The Act led to an array of legal and moral arguments for and against the need to relocate the Indians westward from the agriculturally productive lands of the Mississippi in Georgia and parts of Alabama. This paper compares and contrasts the major arguments for and against the

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606 Words | 3 Pages

The second case that reached the Supreme Court concerning land ownership happened on 1831 and was given the name of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. This case’s ruling expressed that Indians did not have a United States nationality, but they were not members of foreign states either, which ultimately appointed their tribes to be “domestic dependent nations.” In other words, although there was a distant relationship between the U.S. and the Indian tribes, the United States was still responsible for imparting well-being advantages, needs, and services for the natives since they were entitled over the Indian

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1127 Words | 5 Pages

these were years of Native American change. Though the legislature was goal was to drive tribes onto reservations and let them make sense of another lifestyle all alone, numerous Native Americans were not in agreeance. They organized into associations and rights groups and worked together toward one main goals, which was to convince the government to pass enactment that would ensure and help Native Americans Assimilate. By the year 1871, through many efforts on boths side it was clear that sending tribes to live on reservations was not a successful solution to the government 's dilemma.

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In fact, due to the Constitution’s lack of addressing the Indian situation the U.S. was forced to fight and win the Battle of Fallen Timbers which led to the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. In the treaty, American Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the United States in exchange for yearly grants of federal money- which only subjugated the tribes further as they are now dependent on the Federal Government. This does not promote social happiness.

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Gibson, 1833.” Mahon addressed the federal government’s effort to reunite Seminoles with Creeks as “kindred friends,” but explained this position on White ignorance of Creek-Seminole relations. It is important, though, to emphasize that the difficulty in constructing the fate of the Seminoles relied on treaties written by the White Americans. Oftentimes the Seminoles were also dependent on Blacks both interpreting for, and representing, Seminole Indian interests; leaving speculation of divided

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1193 Words | 5 Pages

Anyone can read a history textbook assigned in class and understand the events in their minds, but understanding the emotion of the people who were there at the events are lost in blank monotone text. Being able to recite events dryly from your textbook is not knowing one’s history. In order to fully understand history, you have to be able to understand every aspect of the events. Every emotion, thought, and desire of the people who were there as the history was made. In order to tell history, you need to attach emotion to the words being expressed so that the reader can fully understand what happened.

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557 Words | 3 Pages

White residents of the United States clashed with the Indigenous people on land, food, and rights, without a permanent compromise. In 1829, President Andrew Jackson proposes to move all Indigenous people within America’s current territory to reservations. After being pursued for nearly thirty years, the Choctaw and the Chickasaw tribes agreed for their removal. This would allow whites to live their civilized lives as the Indigenous people cast off their savage habits in remote reservations. President Jackson’s Case for the Removal Act shows that those of power and majority decide the terms of segregation.

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726 Words | 3 Pages

The dispersing of the Indians, particularly the five civilized tribes of the southwest: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole fairly began before the approval of the Indian Removal Act. As the European-Americans were progressing the procedure of passing the Act was bound to happen. They were once a secluded society and now forced to a loss of war. The Indian Removal Act was signed on 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The act allowed President Andrew Jackson to provide the states with federal funds to remove the civilized tribes and reject the Indians from letting them to be part of the European-American society.

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947 Words | 4 Pages

This policy was meant to decrease the federal government’s involvement and financial responsibility for Indians in hopes that they would be more welcomed into modern American society (Lavin, 73). Therefore, the federal government established the Indian Claims Commission (ICC) in 1946 (Lavin, 73). The ICC created a federal court specifically designed to give the tribes an opportunity to sue the government for damages or lost land (Lavin, 73). This policy proved to be a success as the Navajos were able to elect chairmen and make much needed improvements in their communities (Lavin,

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1105 Words | 5 Pages

Many tribes had cultural ties to the environment itself. When the Americans established the Indian Removal Act, the Native Americans were forced to leave these cultural grounds. Those who refused to leave their original homeland had to conform to the ways of colonial life instead

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951 Words | 4 Pages

Throughout the 19th century Native Americans were treated far less than respectful by the United States’ government. This was the time when the United States wanted to expand and grow rapidly as a land, and to achieve this goal, the Native Americans were “pushed” westward. It was a memorable and tricky time in the Natives’ history, and the US government made many treatments with the Native Americans, making big changes on the Indian nation. Native Americans wanted to live peacefully with the white men, but the result of treatments and agreements was not quite peaceful. This precedent of mistreatment of minorities began with Andrew Jackson’s indian removal policies to the tribes of Oklahoma (specifically the Cherokee indians) in 1829 because of the lack of respect given to the indians during the removal laws.

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871 Words | 4 Pages

Throughout the history of the United States, there generally have been dozens of particularly social movements, which is fairly significant. From the African American Civil Rights Movement in 1954 to the feminism movement in 1920, protests for all intents and purposes have helped these groups basically earn rights and fight injustice in a really major way. Some injustices that these groups face range from lack of voting rights to police brutality, or so they essentially thought. The indigenous people of North America aren’t actually immune to these injustices, basically contrary to popular belief. Back in the 1968, the American Indian Movement generally was formed to for all intents and purposes give natives security and peace of mind in a

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900 Words | 4 Pages

The treaty stated that the indians had to allow travelers into the lands, allow government to establish roads, pay for wrongdoings of their people, and avoid conflict with other tribes, while the US government offered protection from US citizens and annuities if treaty of followed. However, issues with the treaty arose as Indians didn’t have full translation of the terms, an example of the government’s sovereignty ruling over ethics. In 1868, the treaty commision met again to improve the terms of the treaty. The US government established the Great Sioux Reservation where the indians could preside.

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