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How operant conditioning affects human behavior
How operant conditioning affects human behavior
How skinner's theory used today
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Opening Skinners Box In Lauren Slater book “Opening Skinner’s Box” her main argument is about who Skinner was and what he did. Some might ask why do we need to know about Skinner if we have never heard of someone with that name? Basically why was he important or what he did was important? Slater mentions that skinner had a daughter was he using her to help him find out new experiments?
In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.
Setting The observation was conducted at the Panera Bread restaurant located in River Forest, Illinois at around 5:00 P.M. on Thursday on the 15th of September. When I arrived at the restaurant, I chose a seat close to the door so as to better observe people coming up to the counter to order. I looked around and did not see any children, the restaurant was mostly populated with college aged people and a few elderly folks. Approximately a half hour later, I observed a white, brunette female with a short ponytail, in her mid-thirties enter the restaurant with a girl of approximately five years of age with a similar brunette ponytail in tow.
She wanted to sit with the only people who could understand her struggles at this school but they didn’t want her near them. Later in the story one of Holly's friends invited only Holly to starbucks even though Liliana was standing right there. After Lauren realized what she said she thought she could make it up
Opening Skinner’s Box by Lauren Slater tells of experiments conducted by a physiologist named B.F. Skinner and controversies that surrounded them. Since some people did not agree with Skinner and his experiments, legends were created regarding him. One of these legends being that, “He built a baby box in which he kept his daughter Deborah for two full years in order to train her, tracking her progress on a grid.” (Slater 7) Skinner strived to shape the behavior of people, so while he did build his daughter, Deborah, a baby box to test out theories and experiments, she did not spend a full 2 years of her life in this “baby box” as the legend says. However, since there was some controversies surrounding Skinner’s experiments legends such as these
This is paralleled when Keith’s corpse is identified outside the wall and neither Lauren or the Reverend cry for him. When Keith dies, his torment against the family ends and the family is able to move on. The result of the temporary conflict in the family caused Lauren to trust and respect her father more, as his guidance helped her prepare to one day leave. However, soon her closest companion disappears. Now, without the closure of death and the sense of duty to her family, Lauren forces herself to stay in the neighborhood: “[they’re] a rope, breaking, a single strand at a time” (Butler 116).
They decide to band together and head North, offering trust amongst the three of them. This is one of the first inclusive events Lauren encounters outside the safety of the wall. Lauren’s exclusiveness is seen heavily in the early travels North, staying on high alert trying to adjust to her new way of life. After some time, Lauren’s strong sense of self and maturity leads to her having some potentially difficult, yet essential conversations within her new group. We see a very vulnerable side of Lauren surface; stating, “I’m going to tell you about myself,’ I said, ‘I don’t know whether it will help you to understand me, but I have to tell you.
Lauren must learn not to trust people who try to get close to them, unlike how in the community, everyone had a level of mutual trust. She also encounters challenges and obstacles she has no preparation for, and learns that on the road, nothing is off limits. For example, in Chapter 16, it states “I let them go. I think it would have been better to shoot them. I’m afraid of guys like that—guys looking for trouble, looking for victims.
Psychology | 3.4 Genie Researchers can 't ethically create situations in which human babies are deprived of basic needs and attachments to learn about motor, physical, language, and social development. However, when circumstances create those terrible situations in the world, much can be learned by studying those involved. Using what you learned in this lesson and the videos on Genie Wiley, answer the questions below using complete sentences.
Through The Psychologist Eye In Lauren Slater’s book, “Opening Skinner’s Box,” we discover in the first three chapters the mysteries behind a few psychological experiments and the discoveries that three profound psychologists have made. Each chapter is about a different psychologist, the first is B.F. Skinner; a behaviorist who designed a process of learning in which behavior is controlled, he called this operant conditioning. Lauren Slater wanted people to know about his experiment, she read his books, talked to friends and family members to unearth the features behind this man. She found that he was a loving father, who could train animals to do unordinary things, like play the piano for an example, through the processes of operant conditioning,
Skinners experiment was based on operant conditioning, using the concept of discrimination learning, he carried out experiments on animals with the idea that their behaviour is predetermined by their environment and using a well controlled environment would allow him to in turn control their behaviours using a range of triggers. Using reinforcement and expectancy, the animal associates acting out certain behaviours with rewards. (Toates, F., 2010, pp. 165-167) After performing a number of experiments on rats using mazes, he subsequently designed the Skinner box.
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
For this paper, I chose to write about the Little Albert experiment The overall importance of this study was to discover if a human could be conditioned to develop a bias, fear, or generalized fear of an animal, object, or person based the stimuli placed around the involved person, animal or object. Watson & Rayner (1920) suggested that “in infancy the original emotional reaction patterns are few, consisting so far as observed of fear, rage and love, then there must be some simple method by means of which the range of stimuli which can call out these emotions and their compounds is greatly increased.” This means that before any conditioning occurs, the subject should have a pure response, but after minor and simple experimentation and conditioning,
Skinners experiment was standardised and controlled it made the study more reliable because there were no influences from other factors like extraneous variables/confounding variables. This shows that researchers could have compromised ecological validity for other factors that are just as important in psychological
Oral language is an important and necessary cognitive developmental step in literacy. People, children as well as adults, adults use oral language on a daily basis. People use oral language as their primary form of communication. Children learn oral language before they learn written language. According to our text book, “Teaching Children to Read: The Teacher Makes the Difference” by Reutzel and Cooter there are four oral language developmental theories.
