Analysis Of Suzanne Kessler's The Medical Construction Of Gender
Shi and Singh (2015) states that the MedPac was established by the Balanced Budget Act of 1977 as an independent federal agency to advise the US congress on different issues that affect the Medicare program. MedPac regulations consist of analyzing payments to private health care providers that participates in Medicare, access to care, and quality of care (p. 214). Article written by Jill Wechsler (20090 states that MedPac concluded that Medicare payment system should reward value instead of volume to help encourage coordination of care with the different providers as well as constrain cost growth. They proposed alternatives that could help improve physician’s practices by support for graduate medical education, improve chronic care and
The authors in this week 's reading displayed an interestingly skillful use of logos, pathos, and ethos to help persuade the reader to share the writer 's viewpoint on gender equality. In certain works, a specific type of rhetorical appeal prevails over the others. A great example of this is Judith Sargent Murray 's "On the Equality of the Sexes." In this work, she primarily utilizes logos to support her main point that males are not mentally superior to women. Once again, logos is an appeal to logic, in which the author attempts to persuade the audience with evidence and valid reasoning.
The chapter summarizes that sex differences in the brain structure and function has a close association to the psychological characteristics, such as sexual orientation. Social experience of humans influences hormones to a great extent. The relation between hormones and sex differences possesses both clinical and social implications. According to medicine, humans with ambiguous genitalia fall under the female sex as it is easier to create female genitalia when compared to male genitalia. Furthermore, surgical procedures used for reconstructuring either male or female genitalia have always worsened the
Activists never acknowledge those contradictions. Instead, they opportunistically rely on whichever claim is useful at any given moment” (Anderson, 34). He is not only creating this writing because he disagrees with the opposition's opinions but because they don't recognize and address their own contradictions making their beliefs confusing. The definition of gender the author would most likely agree with is that gender should directly correlate to sex that was determined before and during birth essentially only male and
On the Equality of Sexes C. This document is an essay written by Judith Sargent Murray under the pen name Constantia in 1790 about how men and woman should have equal opportunities and rights in society instead of being looked down upon. In this time period, women were not considered citizens of the United States of America. At this point, the United States had just signed the Constitution 3 years ago. The Bill of Rights was issued only the year before that in 1789. Both of these documents included rights to protect the citizens of the United States’ freedom and put limits on the government to prevent it from becoming too powerful.
" The most common genders are male and female. Gender genres are determined by the baby's sex at the time of conception; the baby will be female (XX) or male (XY). In the articles “Inside the Mindset” by Carol Dweck and “The Truth About Boys and Girls” by Lise Eliot, are examples of non-fiction stories. Dweck breaks
The moment a child is born, society presents it a complex gift steering the course of its future. Gender is the most important social construct in the human life as it shapes the way we interact and navigate the world we live in. From the colours that the baby is wrapped in to the hues of wallpaper in the bedroom – a girl, is most likely to be thrown into a world of pastel pink and lavender, if you are a boy, you are most likely to be surrounded by bold red and blue hues. We are already starting to be forced into identifying with a specific gender. Dolls, plastic vacuum cleaners and Fischer Price kitchenettes are given to girls, and are taught that Barbie and Bratz dolls are gender appropriate toys; shopping, fashion and makeup is that which defines femininity.
This essay will use Laura Sjoberg's definition of gender, which states, “While sex categorisation is a part of gender analysis, gender is often described as a social construct … constructed by a particular culture … because people agree to behave as if it exists or to follow certain conventional rules” 1. Women in terrorism are typically a contentious subject in history, partly because the history of terrorism has been connected with male terrorists as offenders and often women as victims, not as violent individuals. Hence the gender constructions for women terrorists were conflated with sexuality, feminism and violence. Other factors impacted responses to terrorism such as religious beliefs, for instance, Joan the Arc is considered a heroic
It has been common to see the female body used as an advertisement for many ideas and tangible items. Without the owners having much of a say, the female body has sold ideas, diets and even itself. The female body has been morphed into an ideal, and that ideal into a creature that is supposed to represent innocence, fragility, youth, obedience, passivity, and sex. It could even be said to be a curse for those who come to inherit it by birth or surgery. Within Margaret Atwood's essay “The Female Body” and Evelyn Lau's personal account “An Insatiable Emptiness” , the reader can identify some aspects of how a woman is cursed to have been born in a feminine body.
For example, Fausto-Sterling notes that since the end of the Middle Ages, “hermaphrodites were compelled to choose an established gender role and stick with it”2 or they would be punished with death. Historical legal systems and laws such as these marked the beginning of intersexuality suppression in our society. With the advancement of medicine, this determination to sustain a binary sex system continued. For example, medical researchers like Dr. Hugh H. Young, although backed intersexuality with scientific reasoning, were also contributing to its suppression by focusing on advancing medicine not to cater to the wellbeing of intersexuals, but to conform them to fit the male-female binary. By the late 1960s, “almost all intersex infants are subjected to surgical and hormonal treatments”2.
Unlike ‘sex’, which typically refers to the biological and physiological differences, gender is a sociological concept that describes the social and cultural constructions that is associated with one’s sex (Giddens & Sutton, 2013, p. 623-667). The constructed (or invented) characteristics that defines gender is an ongoing process that varies between societies and culture and it can change over time. For example, features that are overly masculine in one culture can be seen as feminine in another; however, the relation between the two should not be seen as static. Gender socialization is thought to be a major explanation for gender differences, where children adhere to traditional gender roles from different agencies of socialization. Gender
But the reality exists. However, and can have serious consequences. One sexual identity is per formative construction. Even one’s natural biology (e.g. the body of a woman,
We are ever since educated that we only have binary sexes – male or female, in schools. Traditions and cultures also suggest perceptions and conventions that creates the “correct” type of male and female. While the majority have their biological sex and gender identity aligned consistently, some just find theirs do not fit perfectly. Schools and the society were not able to explain this phenomenon and thus people related and mixed it to disorders and mental illness, tried to control it and to ‘fix’
Sexual Identity In “Gender Socialization and Identity Theory” by Michael J. Carter, he asserts gender identity originates with the family. The writer maintains that families are the agents of identity socialization. Carter argues that beginning with infancy children are taught how they are expected to socialize primarily by their families, simply due to the continuous contact with one another, boys are dressed in blue while girls are dressed in pink. The author plainly elucidates children gain knowledge of homophily through playmates by self-segregation into homogeneous groups.
From the beginning of time, “gender” was and is still known as the physiological sex of self, which is male or female. Males are expected to be masculine and females feminine. However, during different cultural times “gender” took on a new meaning, one that is attributed to a controversial issue today, known as “gender identity.” Historical antecedent can be traced before 1500 B.C., however the most significant time period was long after, during the late 1800’s the notion that “gay” and “lesbian” represented a newly discovered biological specimen, which represented a third sex (Houston, 2017). Today, the term “gender identity” has broaden and serves as an umbrella to various sexual orientations that one identifies themselves, such as bisexual,
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