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Ap World History Comparative Essay

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After the Roman empire fell and Rome split into the Eastern and Western empires, each empire developed differently. The differences can be clearly seen when analyzing the churches which each empire produced. In the year 1054, the Christian church branched out in the Eastern and Western empires to Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism, respectively. The alienation between the Eastern and Western churches was deeply rooted in political and cultural differences. As Western culture evolved, largely due to the influx of Germanic peoples in the West, the Eastern culture stayed virtually the same, sustaining a tradition of Hellenistic Christianity. Disagreements between the churches and whom lead those churches lead to great conflict between …show more content…

Both religions believe in the Holy Trinity, even if they do not necessarily have the same theological beliefs as to where the Holy Spirit comes from. Both religions also cite the same text; the Bible. The differences between the two churches is significant, however. Roman Catholicism is far more structured than the Eastern Orthodox church; at the head of all Catholic affairs is the Pope. As previously stated, the Pope holds much more power than the patriarch does in the Orthodox church. The Pope has final authority on all matters, names cardinals, and appoints bishops (“Roman Catholic Church”), which only adds to the power he has to change present and future church policy. The structure of Roman Catholicism is also quite different from that of Eastern Orthodoxy. Cardinals are the highest dignitaires after the Pope; they constitute the supreme council of the church, and elect the successor of the current Pope following his death. Bishops are the chief liturgical figures in the diocese, and is distinguished from the priest by its additional power to confer Holy Orders, and act as the usual minister of Confirmation. The bishop also holds the most jurisdictional power within the diocese, as he is able to admit priests into his diocese, and exclude them from practicing within it. The clergy - or priests - and the laity are directly under the bishop, who do not have any significant power within the church. Nonetheless, the two churches differ

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During the 16th and 17th centuries there were four powerful leaders in the world. Emperor Kangxi, who was the ruler of China in the Qing dynasty. Pedro de Cieza de León, who arrived in America as a boy but was Spanish, fought in the war against the Inca (which the Spanish) won and looked over how the Incan empire was run. Louis XIV who ruled France from 1643 to 1715, and finally Emperor Jahangir who ruled the Mughal state from 1605 to 1627, after the reign of his father, Akbar. The kings and emperors of the 16th and 17th centuries faced multiple challenges when running their societies.

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Starting off his short term as president, James K. Polk had expanded the nation by two-thirds through the addition of Texas, the Oregon boundary, and the conquest of all Mexican provinces north of 31 degrees. However, having been elected on a platform pressing for Oregon to a northern boundary of of 54 degrees 40’ and Texas to a southern boundary of the Rio Grande river, Polk came to an agreement with Britain on 49 degrees but went to war with Mexico in want of Texas, New Mexico, and California. The acquisition of Mexico was concerning because it surfaced the debate over the balance of power and slavery between the North and the South. Along with Polk’s decision, Democrats agreed in expanding territory because of their strong following of the Democratic doctrine, the Manifest Destiny, by expanding the nation’s territory through any means.

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During the Age of Exploration Europeans hoped to subside the power of Islam and diminish its threat to the security of Europe by expanding and controlling global markets by reducing their market trade, although it was believed the Muslim world had entered a period of decline and turmoil with the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate during the Era of the Mongols, on the contrary in the shadows of the Age of Exploration between the late Fifteenth and early Sixteenth century in the Middle East and South Asian subcontinent the rise of three great Muslim Empires, the Ottomans, the Safavids and the Mughals was occurring, the Ottoman empire being one of the strongest. (William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel, World History, vol. 1,446). These

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All other religions in the empire began to fade away, becoming “discouraged” at best. This was all due to the Christian missionaries who traveled the region. As a result, a new controversy arose: the classic one of the separation of church and state. The unified Christian lifestyle was very different from the previously religiously-tolerant classical Roman Empire. Another cultural change was in the social system of the empire with the complete disappearance of two classes of Roman people, the equestrian class, and patricians (patricians becoming a title instead of a social class).

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As the Roman Empire began to crumble, kingdoms began to take control of Europe. These kingdoms flourished into large countries with sophisticated governments. But, economic and political struggles came to a front at the beginning of the late Middle Ages. A division rose between Western and Eastern Europe even though the two had similar origins. The eastern half followed the principles of the Byzantine Empire, while the western half stuck to its imperial Roman roots.

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In Christianity, the Bishop of Rome, or the Pope, is the leader of the religion. The Pope has had significant influence on the world stage throughout history. The Pope in the early stages of Christianity helped its rapid spread. Through the middle ages, the Pope was just as large of a political leader in Europe as he was a religious leader within Christianity. His influence of the spread of the Christian faith as well as the developments of modern European culture and history makes the Pope and his Papacy one of the most influential and enduring institutions in the history of the world.

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