Point 1: Scotland struggled to get foreign orders. The country was dependant on industries such as Shipbuilding, Engineering, Steel and Coal but these industries battled with the increasing foreign competition. The fishing industry was also affected by foreign competition after the first world war and as a result, the fishing industry lost valuable overseas markets like Russia and the Highlanders lost much desired part-time wages. In the Lowlands, the increasing use of machinery and cheap food imports caused more people to leave. Many of the Scots in the 1920s were young and well-educated and the main reason why they left was because of the lack of opportunities in their home country.
In Kim Phillips-Fein’s narrative, Invisible Hands, she highlights key figures that joined together to try to end the New Deal. The group consisted of elite businessmen and theorists who became extremely politically influential in the 1930s to 1980s. The ultimate goal for this group, the conservative party, was to maximize profits and lobby against government regulations, policies, and unions that jeopardized their profits. Phillips-Fein gives an inside look at the creation of the conservative party and the decades of bombardment that America took while the conservative movement influenced policy all throughout the country.
'Labour's domestic policies should be remembered in a positive light.' Assess the validity of this view (25 marks) Labours victory in the 1997 election was first thought to be the U-turn of the socio-economic transformation that the Nation endured after 18 years of conservative premiership. However, these thoughts were quickly extinguished as the Labour party and Tony Blair took the neoliberalist ideals of the conservative party and intensified them. The rebranded new Labour looked to reform Britain in its own rendition of neoliberalism, the party executed this by making promises to the people promises to reform Education, Healthcare and Crime.
It could be argued that the Labour government of 1945-50 accurately created the welfare state when they introduced the National Health Service (NHS) Act in 1948 where every citizen is entitled to free health services. This was seen as the most important reform of the Labour government of 1945-50. The NHS Act 1948 gave free access to medical care to all members in society of a wide range nature, all members of the country were given free access to GP services, dentist, optician and hospitals. They were all to be provided for free at the point of use based on their citizenship right not the individual ability to pay for it (Fyrth, 1995; Page, 2008). According to Heyck (2008) Bevan, minister of health for Labour government 1945-50, was determined
How effective was the Labour Government of 1945-1951 in introducing a Welfare State? During World War 2 the government introduced rationing of food, clothes and fuel and also gave extra meals and milk to children and expectant mothers. This made people more used to state intervention after the war. It was when children from cities were evacuated to the countryside the extent of poverty was shown when they turned up dirty, poorly educated and with very little possessions.
Poverty, healthy and slums were the part of serious problems for UK between 19th to 20th centuries, a lots of people who was living under the poverty line, some of people even didn’t have enough food for themselves and their family. According the book “The Classic Slum” published by Robert Roberts in 1971, which showed poverty, illness and social negative environment in Salford slum of United Kingdom. In the slum, there are around 50 percentage population who was unskilled people of industrial class, they were living in an unhuman and unsafety area, it filled of bacteria, hunger, ill and dangerous, it also showed the real situation of industrial people in UK. In view of this, the liberal government proposed reform measures to improve the environments
Scotland have for many years desired to establish a strong independent identity of their own in politics, they achieved this through Devolution in 1999. However it all begin in 1988 when The Scotland Act was passed which created separate Scottish establishments such for example: A first Minister was created, A Scottish Parliament and a Scottish Executive (McGarvey and Cairney, 2008) Bogdanor clearly expressed that Devolution was ‘the most radical constitutional change’ (1999.1) the United Kingdom had witnessed since the Great Reform Act of 1832.
This election win allowed the Thatcher Government to pursue controversial policies, such as the introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) and the widespread
Song Project During 1980, Britain was going through a period of major change that included: education reforms, the rise of power dressing and the finishing of the Northern Ireland peace process, however one thing did not change, that was there government. In June 1987 the UK General elections were held in which Margaret Thatcher, leader of the British Conservative Party won a third consecutive term in office and had been in office since 1979. At that time many people dislike Margaret Thatcher because she had destroyed Britain’s manufacturing industry and her policies led to mass unemployment, she supported capital punishment, and she brought on a social housing crisis. Mass unemployment was the nail in the coffin that made many dislike her.
The eighteenth and nineteenth century marked the period in Scottish history that saw the majority of the tenant population who worked landed estates move from arable farming to make way for sheep. The clearances took part in lowland Scotland and other areas however the experiences in the Highlands was, it could be argued, the most traumatic. Families whose clans had worked the land going back centuries witnessed the obliteration of their homes, and the dismantling of their Gaelic culture through forced removal. Scotland fell foul of the potato blight in 1846 and like Ireland it caused devastation, starvation and death with the Highlands being particularly affected.
According to “The Big Sellout” the cause of social exclusion is privatization as Fonseca mention in their post. In the film, it shows how the different types of privatization such as electricity, health care, and water has a negative impact on the lives of the poor people in the Global South; While the big companies are profiting from the privatization of basic human needs. By making basic needs privatize, it shows big differences the haves and the haves nots. This relates to Harvey when he mentions how neoliberalism is use to help the economic elites. Harvey states, “neoliberalization has not been very effective in resign global capital accumulation, but it has succeeded remarkably well in restoring, or in some instances (as in Russia and
Within a few months after getting the office, Thatcher gained massive public attention because of her choice to abolish free milk for schoolchildren as an attempt to cut spending. Her decision met serious disapproval from the press and the Labour government, causing storms of protests. Thatcher was severely disheartened by the numerous attacks on her and even considered giving up on politics. However, her career would not suffer tremendously in the long term.
In his writings, Karl Polanyi argued that the modern concept of the economy emerged during the nineteenth century as a separate sphere through political processes as the government attempted to disembed previous market mechanisms to make them independent. The process of disembedding would cause an inordinate amount of harm to society if left uncontrolled. He conceptualized a “double movement” that would combat the growth of the market economy because society would create networks “designed to check the action of the market relative to labor, land and money.” He used the examples of England’s Speenhamland and Poor Laws to illustrate government interventions that attempted to provide some net for those hurt by the growth of the markets. In Polanyi’s
The term “social welfare” in its broadest sense, includes all social institution like education, health, housing, public assistance, services for persons with disabilities, and other related activities. Social welfare policymaking has quite a lot to do with economic development as social welfare seems to be especially important to a developed society. This paper will use the situation in Hong Kong to first discover the relationship between economic development and social welfare policymaking, mainly being interrelated, and even subordinated; it will then consider the co-existing cooperation and contradiction between the economic and welfare principle; and finally, the researching, advocating and evaluating role and position of social worker
Americans need apply the European Tax model In the United States, the amount of tax income one owes is based on annual income level. United State citizens do not know where large fractions of their tax money goes like the citizens do in Europe. Tax rate in Europe is more beneficial because the United States does not use taxpayer money to primarily fund health, education and welfare (etc.) for every citizen like the European tax model sets out to do.
