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Audubo Women's Role In The Conservation Movement

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In the 19th century, millions of birds from North America were killed for their feathers. In the 1600s’ men prominent men wore hats that had an ostrich feather on it and women started to implement that fashion. Feathers that were collected, were sold or traded between millinery industries to make woman’s hats. Hats that displayed more vibrant colors and uniqueness made the most revenue. Hunters typically hunted birds during their nesting season because the feathers displayed more beauty. This left the young birds to fend for themselves. The most popular birds hunted were herons and egrets. The Reddish Egret was prized for its feathers; their population in places like the Florida was starting to plummet. The peak of the feather-trade years were 1870-1920, where millions of birds were killed. This brought awareness to many and that lead to the evolution of the conservation movement began. Moreover, the conservation movement began in 1850 and lasted to about 1920. The Audubon Movement and the Lacey Act pushed for preserving nature and wildlife. The …show more content…

They led efforts to save non-game animals, historical sites, forests, and aesthetics. According to Wellock, women campaigned for the establishment of Mesa Verde National Park, purchasing lands for protection against development, and campaigning against slaughter of birds for feathers (Wellock, 2007). Harriett L. Hemenway was one of the most important woman of this time. She became angry about an article she read about the killing of birds and after that it was all history. In 1896, Hemenway along with her sister started the Massachusetts Audubon Society; together they recruited more women and men to convince legislators to outlaw the feather trade. The wealthy women that attended the groups were asked to not wear hats with feathers on them. This group talked to millinery industries and asked if they could use ribbon instead of feathers in their

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Neil M. Maher wrote Nature’s New Deal to argue the idea that the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was one of the most important New Deal programs of the Progressive Era. The author explains how the programs popularity not only changed the physical landscape of the United States, but also the political landscape. The Civilian Conservation Corps began on the Massanuteen Mountains in the George Washington National Forest in 1933. The climbing of a pine tree, by John Ripley was the beginning of changing the natural landscape across America (Pg. 3).

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On May 28, 1892, John Muir, a famous environmentalist at the time, founded the Sierra Club in hopes of helping and protecting America’s wildlife and land. The same year of the Club’s founding, Sierra Club protested over federal action that would decrease the size of Yosemite National Park (Sierra). This action could’ve been a leading factor in establishing the foundation. In the years following the Club’s establishment, they have spread across the United States, finding themselves in local neighborhoods fighting to keep the environment safe for children and generations to follow. Along with expanding across the US, Sierra Club has also had to adapt to changes in the economy, such as a rise in demand for factory goods, or government efforts to change natural parks or other areas of land.

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Hill immediately went to the San Jose Woman’s Club for support in lobbying congress. Although the men of the Sempervirens Club made use of their high-level connections to further the movement, they did not have nearly the ‘grassroots politicking’ power of women, who eagerly “wrote letters, gathered signatures, and networked among themselves.” Women in California even independently organized campaigns. For instance, in Humboldt county, a spread of housewife groups came together to form the Humboldt County Federation of Women’s Clubs (HCFWC). In 1908, the HCFWC led a campaign to educate thousands of children about forestry in Humboldt public schools.

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This era became known as the Progressive Era, by laying down the groundwork for new management of resources and the creation of national parks, refuges and the creation of federal agencies in charge of these newly created protected lands. The goal of the Progressive Era was to conserve natural resources for the continued use and sustainability, however, not everything goes according to plan. The ‘Roaring Twenties’ after WWI brought an end to many of the Progressive Eras regulation, claiming the policy initiatives went too far and was corrupt. The policy reforms created by the Progressive Era were also said to be too weak and weren’t enforced to the capacity with which they were created to. Not only that, but there was unrestricted resource use and extraction which led to even more disastrous events such as the Dust Bowl, a result from over use by farmers and ranchers and the Great Depression following the war.

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In 1905, Lacey addressed the Iowa Federation of Women's Clubs in Waterloo, Iowa about the popular trend of using bird feathers in hats by saying, "In the preservation of our birds, the women of America were slow to act, but they are now doing a great part. We have a wireless telegraph, a

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Heavily influenced by Max Weber, Peter Berger was interested in finding the meaning of social structures. This theme is apparent throughout his book The Sacred Canopy (1967), in which he drew on the sociology of knowledge to explain the sociological roots of religious beliefs. His main goal is to convince readers that religion is a historical product, it is created by us, yet also has the power to govern us. Society is a human product. Berger made it very clear from the beginning that society is a dialectic phenomenon; it was produced by us and it produced us too.

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Native Americans were seen as a small price compared to the industrialization of loggers, miners, and white homesteaders. With the depletion of wildlife, the United States began to recognized the importance of wildlife on the culture, economy, and religion of Native American tribes. State agencies now preside over fish and game to closely control the hunting of wildlife by setting limits on methods, seasonal harvest, and size of animals to ensure a healthy population. The Marine Mammal protection act of 1972 states “recent legislation generally forbids the taking, possession, or sale of designated species by any person subject to federal jurisdiction acting without federal permission” (U.S.C. 1372

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High foreheads were largely favored as it was a sign of intelligence, and because of this many woman would pluck their foreheads to recede the hairline making their foreheads appear bigger. They would pluck their eyebrows thin and use lead pencils to fill them in. Other women who decided to not pluck their hairlines or lighten their hair would instead wear jeweled caps or turbans, which were quite popular at the time. Women had found that these elaborate headdresses allowed them to not only hide their lack of a high

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