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Behavior Reinforcement: Using Positive Reinforcement

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Positive Reinforcement

Parents use positive reinforcement to develop their children's behavior in school, home or anywhere. Parents give their children rewards, praise or merits to show that the behavior they have exhibited is pleasant towards them causing the child to re-enact their behavior. Using positive reinforcement may help the child to be mature and dispel bad behavior. It also help the child to excel more in their academic performance and achieve better grades and test scores. Showing positive comments and feedback to the child may encourage the child to do more.The purpose of this paper was to explore behavior modification by using rewards to encourage positive, observable behavior changes in students (Diedrich,2010). Positive …show more content…

F. Skinner (1938), negative reinforcement is a response or behavior strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative event or outcome. One misconception that people and parents often make are the resemblance of negative reinforcement towards punishment. Punishment is the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior displayed or exhibited.Reinforcement deals with feedback, whether positive or negative, and also discusses the behavior modification that may happen when put into certain situations. When concerning negative reinforcement, we are referring towards the strengthening of a behavior by reducing a negative outcome or an event. Yet, not all forms of negative reinforcement is a double-edged sword, some may even be fruitful, as some studies realize that negative reinforcement and punishment plays a big role in developing the healthy brain and its growth. Donald M. Baer, also stated that the withdrawal of positive reinforcement, with the switch to negative reinforcement, can result to a more disciplined and controlled development of the child (2011). Negative Reinforcement is widely believed to be the disciplinary action of a parent towards their children for them to be controlled, in a way where the child's general average will be increased. Such negative reinforcers are, spanking, verbal abuse, punishments and many more. These controls the effectiveness of the reinforcement as a whole. Using negative …show more content…

Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major and key effect towards the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism. It was discovered by a Russian scientist named, Ivan Pavlov. Although it wasn’t discovered by a professional psychologist, it had a tremendous effect towards the word we know today as behaviorism (Cherry, 2016). This kind of aspect thus proves that the environment which surrounds us, has a major effect towards the behavior we may portray. The environment we are exposed to causes us to adapt therefore conditioning our behavior. The principle can be related towards the situation of a parent towards his/her children’s grades thus reinforcing them positively or negatively. To conclude, all learning occurs through the various interactions, endeavors, with the environment around

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In the article “No Spanking, No Time-out, No Problems”, Olga Khazan uses many rhetorical strategies to support and persuade her audience. That traditional punishment methods of parents will not change a child’s/children’s unruly behavior overall, but positive reinforcement will increase the chances of better behavior not only now, but in the future as well. “Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a pleasurable consequence following a behavior” (Craighead). This twist to traditional discipline teaches children to work towards a resolution instead of teaching them to lean toward violence. “For example, the way that parents discipline their children is how children discipline their peers” (Khazan).

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Will good parenting skills change a child’s bad behavior? Some people may say that to fix a child’s behavior parents should involve punishment. Maybe they will also say that punishment leads to having a well-disciplined child. In the article, “No Spanking, No Time-Out, No Problem,” Olga Khazan proposes a parenting intervention from a child psychologist, she utilizes it to persuade readers along with parents into believing that punishment cannot change negative behavior. Kazdin discusses the causes behind a negative behavior from a child and utilizes it to prove that punishment does not need to be utilized.

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POSITIVE REWARD PROGRAM “Students will earn privileges, not lose them!” Lou Thompson (Following months of therapy.) Lou KNEW the program would not work. (“Our Conduct Disordered, Assaultive student will blow it off.”)

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Within this theory there are two types of punishments and two types of reinforcements. Positive reinforcement deals with the presentation of positive stimuli after an action. Negative reinforcement is when a negative stimulus is taken away. Positive punishment is when undesired consequences are attached to a certain behavior. Lastly, negative punishment is when desired consequences are removed such as material items.

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According to operant conditioning principles, behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished or ignored are less likely to occur. In the context of social roles, reinforcement can take the form of positive feedback, praise, or rewards when individuals conform to the expectations and scripts associated with their roles. For example, as a student, I may receive praise or good grades when I demonstrate good academic performance, reinforcing my role-related behaviors. Similarly, as a son or brother, positive interactions and expressions of affection from family members can reinforce my role-related

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In many stories things happen that are usually not expected by the reader .The short story is about a hunter that fell off his boat and ended up on an unknown island. Throughout the short story he meets a very suspicious general. That was also into hunting, but not the hunting someone would expect. Richard Connell develops the theme that people should expect the unexpected.

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When Carla returns to her desk, if she can complete an activity without a tantrum, she will get praise from the teacher. (DRA) differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior is used here. It shows how an alternative behavior can replace a negative one (Miltenberger,

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On the other hand, non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) appears to be an antecedent intervention that will more effectively influence the client. Due to the friendly and easy methodology, this procedure will allow teachers and staff to implement this intervention without being clinically trained. Non-contingent reinforcement will allow the child to frequently gain reinforcement non contingent to the problem behavior. This will enhance the development of a more positive learning environment, along with eventually being able to develop more appropriate behaviors, especially if NCR is combined with other procedures such as differential reinforcement of alternative

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However, it is just as important to recognise and reward positive behaviour by those children who always behave well. By emphasising positive behaviour in the classroom and explaining why, e.g. “look at child X, who is listening well, as they always do”, we are encouraging this behaviour, as we recognise and praise the child for behaving well. This can then improve the behaviour of other children as it is promoting a positive role

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Positive discipline means that there are no bad children, but only good and bad behaviors. It also means, teaching a child what is okay and what is not. Punishment is different since it may be physical, involving spanking or causing pain. In addition, it can also involve physiological discipline as in isolation or shaming. Some people might think that using positive discipline and punishment sometimes tends to be a good combination for proper parenting techniques.

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A positive punishment would be the coach making me do shuttle runs to improve my stamina when trying to take the ball from an opponent after I had lost it or when the player has lost the ball I can assist in getting the ball back with stamina. The negative punishment would be would be if we as a team lose a match the coach makes us run endless laps and it would effectively stop us from losing any more matches. To summarize reinforcement elicits a positive response and a punishment elicits a negative

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In this case, reinforcement is referring to having an increase in behavior and regarding to punishment its defined to decrease a behavior. The reinforcement and punishment can consist of being positive and or negative. In operant conditioning, the most effective method to utilize is positive reinforcement, which is beneficial for the change of one’s behavior. Positive Reinforcement

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John B. Watson Theory of behaviorism: The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Behaviorism was established with the publication of Watson 's classic paper, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It (1913). Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.

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Punishment on Trial: Six Basic Principles of Punishment Irvin Arias National University Punishment on Trial: Six Basic Principles of Punishment This paper explores six basic principles of effective punishment in which are most relevant for consideration when using procedures that may function as punishment to change any child's given behavior and if these factors influence whether a given contingency functions as a Punisher. There Must Exist A Behavioral Contingency

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Reinforcement and punishment are methods used in operant conditioning and both can be positive and negative but work in a unique way. Positive means you are adding something so you increase a behaviour and negative means you are taking something away so you decrease a particular behaviour. Reinforcement Reinforcement is used to help increase a specific behaviour in the future and if done correctly this behaviour will increase, occurring more frequently as the child develops.

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