You both wrote of the many advances of the Settlement House Movement noting the pioneering efforts of the movement to bring attention to factors causing poverty, the need for resources to assist those in need and the need to bring about social change. Were either of you surprised to learn that the movement had little to no impact on the African American population? “Most blacks were unaffected by the reform activities and social advances that characterized the era, for these benefits applied largely to those who lived in white rather than black ghettos” (Trattner, 1999, p.180).