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Biological Theory Of Depression

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Two biological theories for the underlying cause of Major Depressive Disorder: Monoamine hypothesis versus the Neurotrophic theory Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) more commonly regarded to as Depression is the leading cause of years lived with a disability according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) (Reddy, 2010) and affects approximately 121 million people across the globe. According to the diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV-TR, 2000) for a person to be diagnosed with MDD they must experience at least five of the nine listed symptoms. One of the symptoms had to be either a depressed mood, or if diagnosing children, an irritable mood; or a loss in interest in most daily activities. Some of …show more content…

Here there will be an emphasis on two core biological theories, the monoamine hypothesis and the neurotrophic hypothesis. The monoamine hypothesis is one of the pioneering hypotheses based on the assumption that a depletion in certain monoamines, in particular serotonin (5HT) and norepinephrine (NE) can lead to depressive symptoms. The neurotrophic hypotheses is an alternative hypothesis that assumes the underlying biological basis of depression is due to an alteration in the synthesis of proteins that are required for neurogenesis and synapse …show more content…

Asberg, Traskman and Thoren (1976) looked at whether the serotonergic system was dysfunctional in depression and found lower levels of a major serotonin metabolite called 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in depressed patients. Asberg et al’s (1976) study consisted of 68 participants who were patient’s moderate or severe depression who had been inpatients for at least five days in hospital. The results presented a bimodal distribution of the 5-HIAA which indicated significantly decreased levels compared to the control group. Asberg et al (1976) inferred from the results that the low 5-HIAA levels present in the CSF could be a predictor of suicidal behaviour in moderate to severely depressed

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