Biosynthesis Pathway
A biosynthesis pathway describes the steps that take place in a chemical reaction which occurs when living organisms create new molecule from simpler ones. The word "biosynthesis" comes from two words: "bio," which means that the reaction is occurring in living organism and "synthesis," which indicates that large products are made up by simpler molecules. To describe a pathway completely some compounds are involved which includes such as which enzymes, coenzymes and cofactors are used in each reaction.
Not all molecules are synthesized by humans, some molecules such as some essential amino acids i.e. lysine, these nutrients come from the protein rich food we consume including beans. Cells generally synthesize only those
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The C-3 hydroxyl group is esterified to phosphoric acid. The resulting compound, called phosphatidate, is the simplest phosphoglycerate. Only small amounts of phosphatide are present in membranes. However, it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of the other phosphoglycerides. Figure 7: Biosynthesis of Phospholipids Sphingosine Sphingosine is an amino alcohol that contains a long, unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. In sphingomyelin and glycolipids, the amino group of sphingosine is linked to FAs by an amid bond. In sphingomyelin the primary hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphoryl choline. In glycolipids, the sugar component is attached to this group. The simplest glycolipid is cerebroside, in which there is only one sugar residue, either Glc or Gal. More complex glycolipids, such as gangliosides, contain a branched chain of as many as seven sugar residues.
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Sphingosine - IUPAC Name: (2S,3R)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
Sphingosine:is synthesized from palmitoyl CoA and serine in a condensation required to yield