Intro: Chemical reactions are the foundation for all organisms to exist. Paragraph 1: Endergonic Anabolic Reactions Building Consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones Uphill Photosynthesis Uses water and carbon dioxide to create sugar and oxygen Protein synthesis from amino acids Dehydration reaction Monomers are covalently bonded to each other through the loss of water Bonds are created which means energy is used Endergonic Exergonic Breaking Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules Downhill Cellular respiration Glucose and other organic fuels are broken down to carbon dioxide and water Energy stored in glucose becomes available for cell to use Hydrolysis Water is added to break the bonds between monomers Broken bonds release energy Exergonic Paragraph 2: Photosynthesis Anabolic Light energy is converted to chemical energy and used to produce organic compounds. Photosynthesis consists of two stages, the light reactions and the dark reactions. The light reactions convert light into energy (ATP and NADHP) Occurs in thylakoid stacks of grana Sunlight is converted into ATP (free energy containing molecule) and NADPH (high energy electron carrying molecule) Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and starts a chain of …show more content…
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is made up of a nitrogenous base called adenine and three phosphate groups that are both attached to a ribose molecule. The three phosphates are all negatively charged, causing a repulsion between all the molecules- making ATP a loaded spring. When hydrolyzed, ATP loses an inorganic phosphate to create ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This makes the molecule more stable. Specific enzymes then help couple the energy and transfer a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule. Because this energy is released, the process of exergonic. Cells can absorb the energy released to fuel endergonic