Essay Identify The Two Major Parts Of The Eukaryotic Cell

Tolosa, Paula Lynn F. August 17, 2017

1C 2017-0132

Cell

Written Assignment

1. Identify the two major parts of the eukaryotic cell.

The eukaryotic cell has two major parts namely the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleus, known as the control center of the cell, is an oval-shaped or spherical-shaped structure enclosed within a double membrane. It manages and controls all the cell’s activities. It also holds the DNA that is the genetic material for directing protein synthesis. It contains chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm. On the other hand, the cytoplasm is the content found outside the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of the cell.

2. Define cytoplasm and organelles.

The cytoplasm is the

Describe cytoplasm and different organelles.

The cytoplasm is made up of organic and inorganic materials. The organic compounds in the cytoplasm include proteins, fats or lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. The cytoplasm is also largely made up of water which is an inorganic compound.

There are many different organelles found inside the cytoplasm. These include the mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisomes, and vacuoles/vesicles.

The mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, are bounded by a double membrane wherein each membrane is made up of a phospholipid

They harness energy by breaking down food molecules to make adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which is the main carrier of energy in cells. The inner membrane is thrown into folds called cristae which provide more surface area for greater cellular respiratory productivity. The matrix is filled with a semifluid medium containing enzymes that break down carbohydrate products.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They receive coded message from DNA as to the kind of protein to be synthesized or produced. Such message is carried by the messenger RNA (mRNA) from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Bound ribosomes make secretory proteins, incorporated into plasma membrane, and within lysosomes. In contrast, free ribosomes produce proteins that are localized in the cytosol.

The endoplasmic reticulum specializes in the transport of lipids and membrane proteins. The rER is engaged in protein synthesis. The rER modifies, transports, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes; these proteins are secreted, become components of the plasma membrane, or serve as enzymes of lysosomes. The sER is usually a site for fat metabolism. It synthesizes, transports, and stores lipids (eg, steroids). It forms peroxisomes and vesicles for transporting large molecules to other cell parts. It also metabolizes carbohydrates and detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and