Caffeine, Nicotine, ethanol, and a control solution were tested. The heart rate of Daphnia was measured after exposure to each of the chemicals. After testing, it was found that ethanol depressed the heart rate while exposed, but the heart rate stabilized after exposure. With exposure to nicotine, the heart rate increased by 20%. If more nicotine was added, the effects were varied and sometimes irreversible.
Group 3: Linzy Dioguardi, Drew Christerson, Kaitlyn Vander Putten, Teryn Wheeler, Callie Womack Shahang Derakhshan Human Physiology Lab 21 September 2017 Lab 4: Cardiac Muscle Physiology 1. There are many electrical changes and movement of ions during membrane polarization in a cardiac action potential. The following is an overview of the five main phases of an action potential: Phase 4 is the resting phase in which is the beginning and ending phase. It takes place at -90mv due to a constant outward leak of potassium.
Introduction Metabolism is the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions within a living organism to sustain life. The energy required to perform these reactions is provided by oxygen in the form of ATP, therefore the oxygen consumption rate can be measured to determine the metabolic rate. Since oxygen is obtained through respiration, the efficiency of an organism’s respiratory system affects its metabolism. Previous studies have shown that caffeine affects the human respiratory center and occasionally dilates bronchus. It can thus stimulate human respiration and increase the metabolic rate (Haggins et al, 1915).
It also helps provide oxygen to the body. External respirations is when you breathe in through your lungs and carbon dioxide exhaled out. Internal respirations is what you inhales goes from the lungs back to the heart. 4. Describe eight signs and/or symptoms of the respiratory system.
The sympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system which is responsible in increasing the heart rate.
When we inhale, we breathe in air which contains Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Argon, Nitrogen, and other gases. The air travels through your nose or mouth and goes through the pharynx. The air then goes down the trachea and into the bronchial tubes. The air then gets passed into the alveoli into the
ST Report In the experiment, the problem was the contaminants that were affecting the quality of the water samples. To fix this issue, three scientists had to determine the contaminants that were present in the samples. One sample was from the school sink and the second sample was from an unknown source. The scientists conducted many tests to figure out what pollutants were present in the water.
Cellular respiration, the first phase is Glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar being glucose goes through chemical transformations. The result of this is two molecules of pyruvate. Throughout the first phase ATP is made and NAD+ is turned into NADH. Next of is a mini-phase prior to the Kreb Cycle, in this mini-phase pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A, a reaction produces carbon dioxide, NADH, acetyl CoA. The next phase is the Krebs Cycle or the Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl CoA made in the previous step joins with the four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions, this refuels the four-carbon molecule that is the starter.
This report will explain the following: What is cellular respiration? What factors affect the rate of cellular respiration in multicellular organisms? Why do some living cells respire more than others? What is the difference in the rate of cellular respiration of nongerminating and germinating seeds? Does temperature affect the rate of cellular respiration as well?
Cell Respiration Lab Research Question What is the optimal temperature for germinating pea-seeds where the rate of respiration is the greatest? Background Information Cell Respiration refers to the biochemical process conducted by the cells of an organism that combines glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, along with two by-products, water and carbon dioxide. The equation representing this chemical reaction is shown below. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
How does a specific style of dance affect a dancer’s heart rate? Abstract Application The student can apply this experiment to real life by using it to test a dancer’s heart rate if he or she is not in great condition. The student can use this experiment in real life by using it to see if a dancer can handle the energy needed for the routine.
Vital signs assessment plays a significant role in identifying acute changes of patient’s condition. It facilitates the recognition of signs of any improvement or deterioration, and in the matter of deterioration alternative or emergency care to be commenced. It is crucial that nurses understand the basis of monitoring vital signs and they are measured and documented, communicated and acted upon as the assessment of these clinical parameters plays a fundamental role in detecting early deterioration in patients. In spite of the importance of monitoring the vital signs, studies demonstrate these clinical parameters are not being assessed or recorded consistently or acted upon in the acute hospital setting. A number of researches have emphasized
The heart may have the sinoatrial node (SA node) to trigger contraction, but in order for us to breath our nervous system has to signal for us to begin the process of ventilation (breathing). Our brain stem has three parts to it, but only the pons and medulla oblongata play a key role in breathing. The medulla helps set the respiratory rhythm by receiving and sending impulses to a bundle of neurons called the ventral respiratory group to the phrenic nerve to bring about contraction in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. All this only happens though due to the sensors of the chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptors located in the medulla and carotid and aortic bodies detect a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2).
These receptor elements then respond to the changes in H+ concentration in the interstitial fluid in the brain, causing ventilatory and circulatory adjustments during hypercapnia and chronic disturbances of acid-base balance (O'Regan & Majcherczyk, 1982). Similarly, the peripheral chemoreceptors also sense the increase in pH and would signal to the respiratory centers via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. The peripheral chemoreceptor drive can modulate central chemosensitivity during hypercapnia (O'Regan & Majcherczyk, 1982). Both central and peripheral chemoreceptors would send fewer impulses to the respiratory centers (central: the medulla oblongata, peripheral: the aortic and carotid bodies).
The walls of the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of the body with the next exhalation." (Dugdale, 2012) Ventilation is another fact because if this not happen our body will be full of carbon dioxide and the oxygen will be down. Many times when the people here ventilation they get confused and think that they are talking about respiration that is not correct, is correct say that ventilation is similar to breathing but no to respiration, they are different "Movements of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm allow air into and out of the lungs.
