In this experiment the rate of cellular respiration was measured by the amount of CO2 in ppm per gram of substance produced by a given treatment group or the control over the course of ten minutes. CO2 levels were measured using a CO2 sensor. The sensor was given time to warm up then placed in a glass chamber with a sample from one of the treatment groups or a sample of control. CO2 levels in ppm were collected every four seconds for ten minutes by the sensor. The data was divided by the weight of the sample used to generate it, to give the respiration rate per gram of sample.
Cellular respiration, the first phase is Glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar being glucose goes through chemical transformations. The result of this is two molecules of pyruvate. Throughout the first phase ATP is made and NAD+ is turned into NADH. Next of is a mini-phase prior to the Kreb Cycle, in this mini-phase pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A, a reaction produces carbon dioxide, NADH, acetyl CoA. The next phase is the Krebs Cycle or the Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl CoA made in the previous step joins with the four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions, this refuels the four-carbon molecule that is the starter.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Abstract: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration correlate to each other from the products and reactants that involve both of the reactions. When looking at the chemical equation, the chemical equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis (5). Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are not only important for cells, but it also keeps CO2 levels stable on earth along with atmospheric O2 (5). With the final pH of 8.52 in the light experiment compared to the ending pH of 7.3 in the dark experiment, you can see that the data supports our hypothesis of the pH increasing more when light is involved with photosynthesis. As long as light is involved with photosynthesis, the correlation
For this assignment, a summary was to be written to explain the scientific article that I chose and relate that article to cellular respiration. The title of the article is: Revisiting the Relationship Between Exercise Heart Rate and Music Tempo Preference. The main purpose of this article related to cellular respiration is that music helps make a positive effect on a person, which increases the need to exercise which, in turn, raises the heart rate so this correlates to the purpose of the lab report. Preference is important in music so it can either be slow music or up-tempo music which would either increase or decrease the need to exercise more for an increase or decrease of heart rate. The conclusions of this article would be that the findings
To produce 1 glucose, two G3P molecules are required. The Calvin cycle must cycle twice to yield 2 G3P. Per cycle, it uses 9 ATP and 6 NADPH, thus for 1 glucose, 18 ATP and 12 NADPH are necessary. The minimal number of red photons necessary to produce 1 glucose is 0, assuming there is at least 18 ATP and 12 NADPH present. Assuming neither are present, then the minimum number of photons needed depends on the initial concentration of protons in the stroma and the thylakoid lumen. To produce ATP and NADPH from the linear electron transport chain, photons first are absorbed by chlorophyll molecules and their energy is transferred from chlorophyll to chlorophyll through inductive resonance until it reaches the chlorophyll α’s in the reaction
The purpose of the transpiration lab was to expand and test one’s knowledge on transpiration, and how it is affected by various factors. This was done in an experiment involving five pansy plants. These pansies were placed into five separate environments with different factors labeled as Control, Intense Light, Humidity, Fan, and Dark. The objective of the lab was to determine how and explain why each environment affected the transpiration of their individual pansey. The main scientific principle being explored in this lab was transpiration.
If the aerobic cellular respiration path is taken, the cycle can be broken down into three important yet different parts. First of all, as the cell receives the glucose molecules, glycolysis catabolizes (breaks down) these glucose molecules into 2 pyruvate molecules, which retain most of the energy of the glucose, otherwise known as pyruvic acid, while releasing two water molecules as a byproduct and a net of two ATP. These pyruvates are then transferred into the mitochondrial matrix, converted into acetyl-Co and then introduced into the matrix of the mitochondria to the citric acid cycle known as the Krebs cycle, in which carbon molecules are released as carbon dioxide. During the first two parts of cellular respiration, also known as substrate-level phosphorylation, it is important to understand that both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce energized electron carriers FADH2 and NADH by the reduction of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD, which are removed from the acetyl group of the acetyl Co-A that enter the Krebs cycle. These energized electron carriers are then transferred to the electron transport chain on the inner membrane and undergo oxidative phosphorylation, otherwise known as chemiosmosis.
The process described in this chapter is called cellular respiration because it involves cells using O2 and releasing CO2, just like how animals breathe to survive. My answer might indicate that scientists already knew about respiration in animals, meaning they knew animals take in O2 and expel CO2 in breathing, when they first observed cellular respiration. Since all steps of cellular respiration are closely connected, there would be a lot of problems if glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, or the electron transport chain were not working. Glycolysis involves a six-carbon glucose molecule splitting into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules and results in energy being harvested into NADH and ATP.
Cellular respiration can be measured by the consumption of oxygen, the consumption of carbon dioxide, and the release of energy during cellular respiration. Within the experiment conducted, the relative volume of O2 consumed was measured into different temperatures within germinating and nongerminating peas, (DeStefano). Fluids and gas flow from regions of high-pressure to regions of low-pressure this carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration will be removed by potassium hydroxide and will form a solid potassium carbonate. Due to the removal of carbon dioxide, the change in the volume of gas in the respirometer will be directly related to the amount of oxygen consumed. In this experiment using a respirometer, the scientists were able to measure the amount of oxygen being consumed in relation to how quickly the peas were respiring.
Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down molecules to receive chemical energy for cell functions and takes place in the cells of animals, plants, and fungi, and also in algae and other protists however what is being discussed more specifically is aerobic respiration, a catabolic molecule that consume oxygen and organic molecules, producing adenosine triphosphate. The term cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but however is commonly used as a synonym to aerobic respiration. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of most cells and is an important process of life itself. In an abridged explanation, cellular respiration converts organic molecules, and oxygen into energy, water and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugers or other organic compounds that occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.
The Effect of Sugar Concentration on CO2 Production by Cellular Respiration in Yeast Introduction In this lab, our main focus was to find how sugar concentration affect yeast respiration rates. This was to simulate the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to transfer energy from the organic molecules in food to ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate). Glucose, CO2, and yeast (used as a catalyst in this experiment) are a few of the many vital components that contribute to cellular respiration.
Title What is the effect of different sugar substitutes on cellular respiration in yeast? Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to test whether sugar substitutes can be used to effectively promote cellular respiration of yeast.
Demonstration of Cellular Respiration of a celery cell in vivo. Purpose Cellular respiration is a metabolic process consisting of a series of oxidation reactions in which oxygen is utilized and therefore is called an aerobic reaction. The process of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria, located in the cell of an organism and which converts biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then releases waste products. The mitochondria is surrounded by two membranes, the inner membrane and outer membrane.
Glycolysis “breaking sugar” is the metabolic pathway in the cytoplasm of all cell, which is spilt into two pyruvate molecules. The kerb cycle is oxidization of the pyruvate cell and release carbon dioxide enzyme to transfer the potential energy from the pyruvate cell to produce ATP. It also manufactures organic molecules like amino acids to generate energy from food. The electron transport chain transfers electron through the protein membrane. It contains three complexes of integral membrane proteins.
Cellular Respiration One of the main essentials of life that all organisms need in order to function in our world is, energy. We receive that energy from the food that we eat. Cellular respiration is the most efficient way for a cell to receive the energy stored in food. In cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway, which breaks down the molecules into smaller units, in order to produce adenosine triphosphate, also known as, ATP. ATP, is used by cells in the act of regular cellular operations, it is a “high energy” molecule.
