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Bureau Of Prisons

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The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is a federally funded, executive agency consisting of 39,683 employees and housing 193,070 inmates via 122 different institutional locations currently maintaining a thirty-four percent rate of recidivism (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2016, About tab). The Bureau is headquartered in Washington, D.C. and performs duties of care and custody, rehabilitation program and services, and provides services for the prevention of future crimes. The Bureau is also responsible for carrying out all legally mandated federal executions, with Terre Haute, Indiana being home for the lethal injection center. Facilities are broken down into different classifications based on security concerns, and house inmates accordingly by …show more content…

The Federal government bears the supreme part of the relationship with the state and local governments having some residual authority. While inmates who are tried through the federal court system and subsequently sentenced and housed in federal prison institutions, the same processes take place at lower levels of government in both state and local levels. Structurally equal, all forms of federal, state, or local judiciary systems follow the same laws. There are only some minor adjustments with what laws applies to which system. Some laws are geared more towards a federal infraction than through state and local laws, and vice …show more content…

The bureau is constantly trying to improve its treatment for inmates, lowering the number of new inmates, while deceasing the number of inmates who return to prison life. Programs both inside and outside of the federal prison system are conducted in an attempt to understand what is the driving force behind crime. As mentioned previously, one of the largest criminal offenses for inmate incarceration is illegal drug activity, either its manufacture, possession, purchase, sale, or use. Approximately fifty-one percent of inmates are incarcerated due to illegal drug activity. Studies are even conducted to determine how race and ethnicity play a social factor into incarceration due to illegal drug activity. Determining this, the Federal Bureau of Prisons has also developed a comprehensive drug abuse treatment strategy for those incarcerated inmates who were affected by illegal drug activities. Drug education programs, and comprehensive drug abuse counseling is offered to nearly all incarcerated inmates. While the number directly related illegal drug activity to inmate incarceration may be approximately fifty-one percent, some form of illegal drug activity may eventually affect nearly all

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To address this issue, politicians and activists have called for increased funding for drug abuse treatment programs both inside and outside the criminal justice system. Nonetheless, there has been an increase in support for prison alternatives that prioritize rehabilitation and

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These programs help provide jobs for ex-cons and inanition made rehabilitation for drug offenders. During The “war on drugs” era individuals would get simply arrested for small crimes such as possession of drugs, using drugs, or distributing drugs, which did not help reduce crime or lower the recidivism rate. “War on drug” created an over populated prisons. What race was dominantly contained in these over populated prisons were African Americans. Reason for increase population of African Americans in prisons which was stated “At the same time, police increasingly began to target low-income minority communities for drug law enforcement.

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The purpose of this literature review is to prove that drug court programs are an effective alternative to incarceration for people struggling with substance abuse issues. According to the Bureau of Justice statistics seventeen percent of prisoners at the state level were incarcerated due to drug related crimes. Eighteen percent of federal cases were related to drugs (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2004). According to Lutze and Van Wormer the drug court model was formulated in response to the revolving cycle involved with substance addiction and crime.

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“The primary stage of treatment should consist of a prison-based therapeutic community (Inciardi et al., 1994). Segregated from the negativity of the prison culture, recovery from drug abuse, and the development of prosocial values in the prison.” (Inciardi et al., 2004) This stage excludes family members, coworker, and neighbors because they want the inmates to focus on treatment and interactions with those who have struggled with addicts to help build prosocial values and work ethic. The second stage

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In the United States, both the Federal Government and the States have the authority to institute criminal proceedings. The Federal Government, as well as each State, have their own criminal system, their own court system, their own prosecutors, and their own police organizations. By virtue of both law and practice factors, the crimes that make the most frequently prosecuted are drug trafficking, organized crime, financial crime, fraud on a large scale, and crimes of particular federal interest and fraud against the United States. In addition, there are certain crimes which only the federal government can prosecute such as those related to tax issues, and crimes of espionage and treason. States bring criminal actions for delinquencies committed

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Similarly, other possible drug-related crimes, such as theft, burglary and robbery, are all extremely serious offences which carry severe penalties. However, the imposition of punitive penalties fails to adequately respond to drug-related crime. This is because punitive measures fail to address the complex nature and causes underlying the commission of drug-related offences. It has been found that after release from prison, without accessible, integrated and consistent drug treatment and support such as access to housing and employment, people with substance use issues are at higher risk of re-offending and returning to prison, or dying from a drug overdose.

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The Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Prison Program is another attempt to provide better treatment for people who are convicted. The study showed that drug offenders who underwent a treatment program outside of prison had a 26 percent less rate of re-arrest after two years than a control group that was sent to prison (Justice Policy Institute, 2010). Rehabilitative programs like the Second Chance Act and the Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Prison Program has shown to growth and positive

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The government and administrators of prisons and treatment centers are trying to lower the cost of incarceration and treatment centers. Treatment centers are the more expensive option but it last longer and has more permanent effects in low level drug criminals. The family and individual want the easiest option that helps them or their children to treat their addiction. They want to use treatment centers to treat the addiction to prevent them crime again. The effectiveness of prisons and treatment centers vary.

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Many feel that the answer to this problem is more severe punishment, however, this does not solve the addiction problem. Many times it was believed that our prisons release inmates who are have not received treatment while incarcerated, or do not have the follow up treatment that is needed to reduce recidivism. Currently inmates undergo treatment before and after incarceration have shown a reduction in criminal behavior. Caulkins, J. P., Kasunic, A., & Michael A C Lee. (2014).

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Only 18.3% (337,882) were for the sale or manufacture of a drug” (p. 23). Therefore, the individuals who are likely to enter the already overcrowded prisons may be users and the actual not distributors themselves. Thus, prison space that is intended to be reserved for murders and sexual predators is instead being occupied by substance

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The criminal justice system plays a very pivotal role in society. It consists of three main components: police, courts, and corrections. The reason the United States of America is so safe and rarely seen as a dangerous Country, is because of the help from those major components. These components are also known as subsystems. The justice system is setup so that each person doesn't have to enforce the laws around themselves.

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There are many different levels of federal prisons in the United States, from Minimum Security Prisons at the most lax side of the spectrum to High Security Prisons as the the type with the most intense security of them all. Not only are the prisons differentiated by the security levels, they’re also diverse in the types of inmates they house and the physical set up of the prisons. Minimum Security Prisons have dormitory housing and no perimeter fencing while High Security Prisons have both multiple and single occupant housing along with multiple walls and reinforced fences surrounding the buildings ("BOP: Federal"). Although the distinct types of federal prisons are separated by their differences, one thing almost all of them have in common

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isn’t the only thing people believe needs to change; the reasons for arrests have been criticized by many. America incarcerates more citizens for drug related crimes than any other place in the world. Of the roughly 200,000 in federal prison, 52% are being held for drug crimes and only 8% are for violent crimes, such as: murder, assault, and robbery (Waldman, 2013). Many believe that the “War on Drugs” must become less aggressive because of its large contribution to the prison population. The distribution of prisoners by race has also raised concern among Americans.

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There are three components that make up the criminal justice system – the police, courts, and correctional facilities – they all work together in order to protect individuals and their rights as a citizen of society to live without the fear of becoming the victim of a crime. Crime, simply put is when a person violates criminal law; the criminal justice system is society’s way of implementing social control. When all three components of the criminal justice work together, it functions almost perfectly. For a person to enter the criminal justice system, the process must begin with the law enforcement.

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