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Investigating rates of chemical reaction
Investigating factors affecting rate of reaction
Investigating rates of chemical reaction
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The purpose of this report is determine if sodium chloride is a viable option as a deicer on winter roads. To determine this, one must compare a multitude of factors. In this lab, the freezing point depression of water, enthalpy of dissolution, cost, and environmental impact will be discussed. A large factor in how effective a substance is as a deicer is it’s ability to decrease the freezing point of water. If the freezing point of water can be lowered, the outside temperature must be much colder to reach this new freezing point, resulting in less ice on the roads.
While CO2 is produced, the amount of CO2 produced is different depending on the organisms, in this case crayfish. To test the changes in pH, NaOH is used to neutralize the carbonic acid produced by the crayfish, by which the
Science 1. Free ears in dogs are controlled by dominant allele (F), and attached ears are controlled by the recessive allele (f). In addition, Short dogs is due to a dominant allele(S), and long hair is due to a recessive allele (s). Which of the following is the genotype of the dogs with free ears and short hair? a. ffss b. FfSs c. ffSs d. Ffss 2.
This acid affects shells like the shell lab. Since the shells are made of calcium carbonate the carbonic acid acts like a corrosive and dissolves the shell
Ocean Acidification Formal Laboratory Write-Up Background: Around the coast of Ischia Island, the water is being saturated with carbon dioxide. Chalk at the bottom of these waters is being boiled by nearby volcano, Mount Vesuvious, thus creating streams of bubbles coming u to the surface. With the chalk coming up to the surface, it is acidifying the water around it. This ocean acidification can cause tiny sea creatures, which normally absorb carbon dioxide, to be exposed to too much carbon dioxide that will in turn have a chain reaction effect in the food chain.
Standard Sodium hydroxide solution is the alkaline solution that will be used to titrate with soda water as it is a common solution that can be easily found in an ordinary school laboratory. It is a strong base. Carbonic acid is a weak acid which will react with a strong base to form a basic (pH > 7) solution. When Phenolphthalein is added to Soda water, the resultant solution is colourless. After titration with a strong base (sodium hydroxide), the solution will turn to pink as the solution becomes
When CO2 reacts with water molecules, it produces carbonic acid (H2CO3). Hydrogen ions (H+) detach from carbonic acid, leaving bicarbonate molecules (HCO3-) free to float. High amounts of CO2 dissolving in the oceans results in a higher concentration of the free hydrogen ions, reducing the pH of the water and creating a more acidic solution. The chemical equation of carbon dioxide and water is as follows: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+ Shelled marine life like oysters, crabs, and shrimp rely on carbonate (CO3-2) present in the water, to bind with calcium ions (CA+2) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The equation is as follows:
The CO2 gas produced can be used as an indicator for the rate of reaction as the amount of CO2 gas that is collected with in a fixed time is proportional to the rate of reaction. Therefore, the average rate of reaction can be calculated by measuring the amount of CO2 collected for a set period of time. The rate expression of the reaction is written as: rate = k[CaCO3]a[HCl]b 1 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601032.html 2 http://www.thechemicalblog.co.uk/10-uses-of-hydrochloric-acid/ Page 2 of 7 k represents the rate constant, a and b signify the order of reaction with respect to the reactants. The order of the reaction is the power to which the concentration of that reactant is raised to, for example, doubling the concentration of a reactant that is first order would double the rate of reaction while doubling the concentration of a reactant that is in the second order would quadruple the rate of reaction.
Upon cooling, it was shaken until no bubbles were formed. 20 mL of each brand of soft drinks was titrated with NaOH solution. 3 drops of phenolphthalein was used as an indicator if it has already completely reacted. The acidity can then be calculated referring on the known concentration and volume of base; and the known volume of acid.
Introduction Strong acids and strong acids both dissociate completely in water forming ions. However, strong acids donate a proton to form H3O+ along with a conjugate base and strong bases accept a proton to form OH- along with a conjugate acid. The chemical behavior of acids and bases are opposite. When they are together, their ions cancel out and form a neutral solution. In this experiment, HCl and NaOH will react to form NaOH and H2O with these two steps: The overall reaction is: Both Na+ and Cl- ions combine to form NaCl.
Introduction The goal of the experiment is to examine how the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate is affected by altering the concentrations. The concentration of Sodium thiosulfate will be altered by adding deionised water and decreasing the amount of Sodium thiosulphate. Once the Sodium thiosulphate has been tested several times. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be examined in this experiment.
The equation of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethanoic acid is as follows: CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O We can measure the end point of titration process and we can also measure the amount of reactants. The concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar can be determined through stoichiometric calculations, Using the values obtained from the titration, and also the chemical equation as a reference. Phenolphthalein indicator is used in this acid-base titration Equipment and materials:
Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.
Aim: To find out the relationship between the greater concentration of sodium thiosulfate when mixed with hydrochloric acid and the time it takes for the reaction (the time it takes for the solution to turn cloudy) to take place and to show the effect on the rate of reaction when the concentration of one of the reactants change. Introduction: The theory of this experiment is that sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid reach together to produce sulfur as one of its products. Sulfur is a yellow precipitate so, the solution will turn to yellow color while the reaction is occurring and it will continue until it will slowly turn completely opaque. The reaction of the experiment happens with this formula: “Na2 S2 O3 + HCL =
Abstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.
