The major impetus for this third edition was to update this resource textbook for interested students, residents, clinicians, and/or practicing biomedical engineers. A secondary motivation was to promote the expertise, past and present, in the areas of cardiovascular science at the
University of Minnesota. As Director of Education for the Lillehei Heart Institute and Associate
Director for Education of the Institute for Engineering in Medicine at the University of
Minnesota, I feel that this book also represents a unique outreach opportunity to carry on the legacy of Drs. C. Walton Lillehei, M.D., Ph.D., and Earl Bakken, M.D., Ph.D. (Hon.) through the twenty-fi rst century. Interestingly, the completion of this textbook coincides with two
recent
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First, it was 61 years ago, in 1954, that Dr. C. Walton Lillehei performed the fi rst cross-circulation procedures at the University. One year ago in January, Earl Bakken (the cofounder of Medtronic) turned 90 years old; Dr. Bakken has fi ve implanted Medtronic devices and continues to be an inspiration to those working in this fi eld. For the past 15 years, the University of Minnesota has presented the week-long short course
Advanced Cardiac Physiology and Anatomy , which was designed specifi cally for the biomedical engineer working in the industry; this serves as the course textbook. Thus there was a need to update the textbook to include state-of-the-art information on a variety of topics related to cardiac anatomy, physiology, and devices. For example, six new chapters were added to this third edition, and all other chapters were carefully updated and/or greatly expanded. One last historical note that I feel is interesting to mention once again is that my current laboratory, where isolated heart studies are performed weekly (the Visible Heart ® laboratory), is the same laboratory in which C. Walton Lillehei and his many esteemed colleagues conducted the majority of their cardiovascular research studies in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is also