ipl-logo

Cellular Pathophysiology

1659 Words7 Pages

Pathophysiology
Cellular Pathophysiology There are two major neurpathologic finding in PD. The first is the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra which cause the motor symptoms. The other finding is the presentence of Lewy bodies which is related to the cognitive decline. It is now thought that PD is multifactorial when looking at neural cell death. In PD, there are three major contributing factors: inflammation, dysfunctional mitochondria, and oxidative stress that affect these neuropathic findings. Each of these factors can act alone, but normally is seen as a cascading event, which is triggered by epigenetics and genetic causes mentioned above.
When looking at the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the inflammatory response, …show more content…

Due to the loss of inhibition from the substantia nigra through the basal ganglia there is detrusor hyperactivity (American College of Physicians, 2012). This causes urinary symptoms related to difficulty in voiding, nocturnal polyuria, incontinences, and urinary retention. Sexual dysfunction in men and women is reportedly related to the length and severity of the disease; men have more difficulty with erectile dysfunction and women with inability to reach an orgasm. Complications would be urinary tract infection related to voiding problems such as incontinence and retention. There are dysfunctions of the thermoregulatory system due autonomic system and the presence of Lewy bodies in the hypothalamus (American College of Physicians, 2012). Many see changes in the skin related to intensification in sweating of the hands, arms, face, and back. Seborrheic dermatitis to the face and head is also seen in …show more content…

Age is the primary risk factor associated with PD. There is not a clear external cause but it is considered to be multifactorial in relation to genetics and epigenetics. The pathophysiology of the PD begins at a cellular level but have a systemic effect which encompasses most body systems and have devastating consequences.The treatment of PD is symptomatic approach. With the main pharmacological drug being levodopa. The use of therapies to increase patient independence continues to be a benefit in the treatment of PD. Complications are directly related to disease progression and pharmacologic treatment plans. There is a continued need for research to gain further understanding of the disease process that will assist with better treatment

Show More
Related

Pros And Cons Of Pseudobulbar

1412 Words | 6 Pages

PBA is not a very well know disease and not well recognized thus people don't understand it and look down on people who suffer with it. They look down on people with it because of the social status that comes with having this disease. The patient understand their outbursts and cannot do anything about

Read More

Robin Williams Research Paper

882 Words | 4 Pages

Robin Williams and the Lewy Body Struggle On July 21, 1952 a boy named Robin Williams was born who would someday go on to be an Hollywood star. He would go on to entertain the world for decades with his hilarious comedy. To the regular person he seemed perfectly happy and healthy, but he was neither.

Read More

Leveodopa Research Paper

195 Words | 1 Pages

In year 2000, Arvid Carlsson won a Nobel Prize for his historical discovery of a sensational drug Levodopa (L-DOPA), which is the most effective drug to cure for Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine, neurotransmitter, which is a chemical substance that passes through a barrier in which circulated blood is separated from the brain fluid initiate in the central nervous system, known as the blood-brain barrier. Nevertheless, the degeneration of cells in the substantia nigra region of the brain decreases the level of dopamine, which leads patients in suffering from depression and stiff muscle. L-DOPA was injected in Parkinsonian patients, resulting in an incredible effect but temporary. Moreover, patients diagnosed with L-DOPA,

Read More

Five Psychological Contributions To Robin Williams's Suicide

561 Words | 3 Pages

Lewy Body Dementia is a type of Dementia and Parkinson's disease hybrid causing multiple medical issues and hallucinations. His wife also mentioned that “Williams was in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (Yahr). These medical issues affected his behavior and mental processes which led him to the ultimate decision of taking his life. Another major factor to his death is his behavioral issues.

Read More

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)

884 Words | 4 Pages

Symptoms of autonomic failure that are mostly commonly seen in the early stages of Multiple System Atrophy include, fainting spells, heart rate issues, erectile dysfunction, motor impairments, muscle tremor or loss of muscle coordination, difficulties with speech and walking, as well as bladder control. Most early symptoms of MSA are very common to those of Parkinson 's disease. Clients with MSA usually suffer from orthostatic hypotension as well. Orthostatic hypotension is when a client makes a sudden movement, such as going from sitting to standing, their blood pressure remains uncontrollable and drops suddenly, causing light headedness, or fainting (Multiple System Atrophy Fact Sheet, 2014, par.

Read More

Paget's Disease: A Case Study Essay

595 Words | 3 Pages

Some of these treatment include acupuncture, TENS, massage, aromatherapy (Sutcliff, 2010). Other examples include walking aids, raised shoes and adapted the homes to suit the needs of the patients with severe deformities, deformities of Paget’s disease that might be worsened by vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake or exposure to toxin (Sutcliff, 2010; Visconti et al, 2010). Patients have reported this forms of therapy to be beneficial, however, very many of these treatment have not been systematically been researched to scientifically prove the benefits of treatment (Sutcliff, 2010). In other to increase and maximise the chances of a patient developing less complications and living a better quality of life early diagnosis and intervention is very key (Ralston, 2014). Genetic testing for mutations such as SQSTM1 in patients with a family history of disease if the disease (Ralston, 2014).

Read More

Banish Acne Scar

1171 Words | 5 Pages

Having oily skin due to sebaceous glands that are too active, is

Read More

Parkinson's Case

844 Words | 4 Pages

Upon reviewing Mr.AP’s case, there are five possibilities of what might actually be causing his symptoms. Firstly, his sexual impulsivity could be a new, significant problem associated with personality change totally unrelated to his Parkinson’s or secondly, his Parkinson’s may be causing brain-related personality and behavioural change. Thirdly, his medication for his Parkinson’s may be causing adverse psychological side-effects or fourthly, he may be having psychological difficulties adjusting to his declining physical health and recent diagnosis of Parkinson’s. Finally, his sexual impulsivity might be complicated by wider long-standing problems in his relationship with his wife, unmasked by his recent retirement and/or the burden of the

Read More

The Notebook Movie Analysis

1577 Words | 7 Pages

It is a de-generative disease of the brain that leads to a condition called dementia” (in-text citation for a journal).

Read More

The Movie Awakenings

795 Words | 4 Pages

Most of the doctors working in the institution refused to believe that the patients were still alive and aware, because, as Dr. Peter Ingham stated in the movie, “The alternative is unthinkable.” Imagine being trapped in your own body, unable to move or cry for help. This is what the victims of this strange disease had to endure for decades, up until the point that they were cured by Levodopa, if only for a short period of time. Though as the successfulness of L-dopa began to erode, and with it, the patient’s motor skills and their ability to take part in everyday life, many chose to remain on the drug, clinging to a thin thread tethering them to the rest of the physical world.

Read More

Stem Cell Research Persuasive Essay

695 Words | 3 Pages

Conditions that might be treated this way include Parkinson’s disease, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, heart disease, vision and hearing loss, spinal injury, and even

Read More

Research Paper On Huntington's Disease

1050 Words | 5 Pages

HD deteriorates an individual’s mental and physical abilities during their most productive years of life and it has no cure. In the later stages of the disease, full time care is required for the patient, with existing non-drug and pharmaceutical interventions being able to relieve a majority of its symptoms. It is interesting to note that the disorder has a higher probability of affecting individuals of Western European decent compared to those of African or Asian ancestry and it affects both men and women (Ross and Tabrizi

Read More

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Case Report

1201 Words | 5 Pages

It provides a clear description of what CHS is and how it affects someone with the syndrome. Brewerton and Anderson take the reader through the full process of someone with CHS. They start by presenting the reported symptoms, the diagnosis, and the treatments for the syndrome. The authors also discuss the pathophysiology and the different theories of CHS. The purpose of this case report is to provide the facts on CHS and what causes the syndrome.

Read More

Pellagra Research Paper

1227 Words | 5 Pages

Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, psychotic symptoms, peripheral neuritis, and emotional disturbances (Jagielska, Tomaszewicz-libudzic, and Brzozowska. 2007). Dermatitis usually presents in an erythematous rash, and may be especially severe in areas exposed to sunlight, with pigmentation and thickening of the skin. Heat and friction may make the rash worse. Pellagra is more common in people with risk factors for malnutrition such as those with anorexia nervosa, AIDS, chronic alcohol intake, and those living in poverty (Jagielska, Tomaszewicz-libudzic, and Brzozowska. 2007). There are at least two mechanisms in which niacin can alter brain function.

Read More

Music Therapy Essay

1621 Words | 7 Pages

The researchers were Claudio Pacchetti, Francesca Mancini, Roberto Aglieri, Cira Fundaro, Emilia Martignoni, and Giuseppe Nappi. The participants were 32 patients diagnose with Parkinson’s Disease and they were randomly separated into two groups consisting of 16 patients. The patients were all in stages 2 and 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale of PD. Parkinson’s Disease is a disorder that causes the degeneration of the central nervous system characterized by shaking, difficulty in movement, and rigidity. The Hoehn and Yahr scale is a scale that measure the progress of PD; stage 2 is characterized by an effect on both sides of the body, but no affect on the balance and stage 3 is characterized by the inability to fix the body’s posture and an imbalance.

Read More

More about Cellular Pathophysiology

Related Topics

Open Document