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Cellular Respiration Lab Report

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Introduction: Respiration encompasses cellular respiration and external respiration. In cellular respiration the vast majority of energy that most living organisms need are satisfied by the mitochondria. The main driving force behind the mitochondria producing the high yield of ATP would be due to oxygen gas. For external respiration, encompasses breathing, gas exchange in the alveoli, transportation of gases through the blood, the delivery of gases to the systemic tissues, and the gas exchange at the systemic capillaries. The human body’s site of gas exchange would be located in the lungs, specifically in the alveoli. To get air into the lungs, one would need to breath so that fresh oxygen could move in, when inspiring, and carbon dioxide
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The trading of gasses in the middle of air and blood happens cross the dividers of respiratory alveoli. Alveoli are microscopic flimsy walled air sacs that give a colossal surface zone to gas dispersion. The locale of the lungs where gas trade with the blood happens is known as the respiratory zone. The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that convey air to the respiratory zone include the leading zone. The thoracic cavity is constrained by the mid-section divider and diaphragm.

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During this experiment, mitochondria were isolated from 20.2 grams of cauliflower using extraction buffer, filtration through Miracloth, and centrifusion. Twelve samples containing various volumes of mitochondrial suspension, assay buffer, DCIP, sodium azide, and citric acid cycle intermediates were prepared to be read by a spectrophotometer. The inclusion of the dye DCIP allowed for the absorbance of the reactions between the mitochondrial suspension and the TCA cycle intermediates succinate, malonate, and oxalate to be measured, as DCIP turns from blue to colorless as the activity of succinate dehydrogenase increases. Experimental Findings Increasing the number of mitochondria in the reaction did increase the reduction of DCIP relative to the amount of mitochondrial suspension present.

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The stomata are the most critical piece to this process, as this is where CO2 enters and can be stored, and where water and O2 exit. Cellular respiration also known as oxidative metabolism is important to convert biochemical energy from nutrients in the cells of living organisms to useful energy known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Without cellular respiration living organisms would not be able to sustain life. This process is done by cells exchanging gases within its surroundings to create adenosine triphosphate commonly known as ADT, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. This process is done through numerous reactions; an example is metabolic pathway.

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All organisms require respiration system in order for them to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Respiration system is important as they provide energy to the cells for the body function. The gas exchange requires aerobic respiration to work, as gas exchange dissolved oxygen from the respiratory organs (skin for worms) to the bloodstream, and remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the respiratory organs. All organisms needs gas exchange as they need oxygen for a cell to obtain energy and carbon dioxide must be expel to avoid becoming acidic inside the cell. For gas exchange to occur efficiently there must be a large surface area to allow the gases to diffuse into and out of, a moist surface so that gases can dissolve before diffusing,

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Gases exchange by diffusion across the respiratory membrane. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs. alveoli Diaphragm When breathing in, the diaphragm contracts causing the thoracic cavity volume to increase, which makes air rush into the lungs. When breathing out, the diaphragm relaxes decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity pushing the air out. This is an important part of respiration during exercise (O2 touch) as more air is needed in the body and carbon dioxide needs to be breathed out.

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Physiological Processes Gas exchange occurs because of the body’s involuntary response to breathe in response to: exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen, deliver oxygen to tissues and to regulate acid-base concentrations in the bloodstream. The air travels into the nose, down the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar sacs then to the pulmonary capillaries. Froom the pulmonary capillaries hemoglobin picks up the oxygen molecules and travels through the arteries in the body to deliver the oxygen while picking up carbon dioxide and delivering it to the lungs through the veins and the process repeats. Since my patient has asthma along with a smaller diameter for air to pass through it causes severe inability to oxygenate the body during an asthma

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Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to test for mitochondrial activity by isolating different organelles using the differential centrifugation process. Studying mitochondria is extremely important because they control the death and life of the cell by regulating the apoptotic signals (Frezza et al 2007). Also they are responsible for the metabolic reactions (aerobic respiration) and the production of ATP (Frezza et al 2007). Three hypotheses were formed based on my knowledge.

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+ ATP Although plants and animals have different methods of obtaining glucose, the cell respiration process occurs in both types of organisms. Many external factors in the environment may affect the organism's’ rate of respiration such as the temperature of the surrounding,

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The Effect of Sugar Concentration on CO2 Production by Cellular Respiration in Yeast Introduction In this lab, our main focus was to find how sugar concentration affect yeast respiration rates. This was to simulate the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to transfer energy from the organic molecules in food to ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate). Glucose, CO2, and yeast (used as a catalyst in this experiment) are a few of the many vital components that contribute to cellular respiration.

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Spirometry is one method that we used to measure the volumes difference in amount of air breathed in or out and how quickly the air is inhaled and exhaled from the mouth while breathing through a mouthpiece. In this present study, we measured the lungs volumes during normal breathing and with the maximum forced expiratory flow rates. For this experiment, we use the Phipps and bird wet spirometer to measured Tidal Volume (TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), and Vital Capacity (VC). The purpose of this experiment is to determine various lung volumes for an individual and to compare them to average lung volumes. Participant (n=1) breathed into the Phipps & bird wet spirometer.

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Cellular Respiration One of the main essentials of life that all organisms need in order to function in our world is, energy. We receive that energy from the food that we eat. Cellular respiration is the most efficient way for a cell to receive the energy stored in food. In cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway, which breaks down the molecules into smaller units, in order to produce adenosine triphosphate, also known as, ATP. ATP, is used by cells in the act of regular cellular operations, it is a “high energy” molecule.

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This means that oxygen and carbon dioxide enter/exit the gas exchange organ via blood. To ensure that the gases are constantly being exchanged, the organism must be adapted so that there is a concentration gradient. The concentration gradient is maintained in mammals by blood flow. Blood is pumped around the body. This means that as each breath is taken, and new air enters the alveoli, fresh blood is there for the oxygen to diffuse into (and vice versa for carbon dioxide).

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Experiment 3: Cell Viability Testing and Counting with Trypan Blue Exclusion Method Anna Coretta R. Santos I. Introduction Cell viability assay plays a crucial role is in the cells of the cell culture. This assay can be used to identify the relationship of cell count from the cell’s behavior (Stoddart 2011). This test help researchers to determine the number of viable and non-viable cells in a cell culture. This assay helps in estimating the cell count of a cell culture and to determine if there is sufficient amount of viable cells in the cell culture that a person will use for future research (Riss et al. 2013).

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The walls of the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of the body with the next exhalation." (Dugdale, 2012) Ventilation is another fact because if this not happen our body will be full of carbon dioxide and the oxygen will be down. Many times when the people here ventilation they get confused and think that they are talking about respiration that is not correct, is correct say that ventilation is similar to breathing but no to respiration, they are different "Movements of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm allow air into and out of the lungs.

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Breathing should happen to begin at the nose and mouth in every human. When an individual inhales air into the nose and mouth, the air then travels downwards in the back of the throat into the

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