During the time of the Great Depression, African Americans struggled the most already being the poorest people in America, but this changed with The Second World War which brought jobs and more rights to African Americans. In Chapters 10 and 11 of the book Creating Black Americans: African-American History and its meanings, 1619 to the present by Nell Irvin Painter, the author outlines the struggle for African Americans during the Great Depression, and even after during the New Deal era, then shows how they came out of it and became more successful and powerful during The Second World War. The Great Depression started with the crash of the stock market, and led to 25% of all American workers losing their jobs, most of which were African Americans.
The View from Black America by Kenneth Hardy, describes the struggles that the African American community still faces currently. The article outlines the lives lost by violence and shootings by police. The reading emphasizes the lack of resources the African American community has access to. The misconceptions about black people have also contributed the racial hostility. These attitudes affect an individual's mental health.
is the smash hit diary of James McBride, a biracial columnist, jazz saxophonist, and author whose Jewish mother brought forth twelve youngsters, every one of whom she brought up in a lodging venture in Brooklyn. His mom saw the unexpected passing of her initially spouse, a reverend, and through sheer power of will saw each of her kids move on from school. Her essential family precepts laid on the significance of scholastic achievement and the congregation, and a considerable lot of her kids proceeded onward to gain graduate and expert degrees. McBride experienced childhood in the Red Hook lodging ventures of Brooklyn confounded by his mom's "whiteness".
In the documentary Who is Black in America, many teenagers as well as adults had a hard time identifying and accepting their “blackness”. However, others were very accepting and took pride in their “blackness” while others did not consider them black at all. Society has classified race into two categories. Either you are black or you are white.
The Black Codes This article, published in the New Orleans Tribune in December 1865 and located in the Early American Newspaper database from the FIU library, focuses on the creation of the black codes, which were laws passed in 1865 that “had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans’ freedom” (Roark et al. 463). The article provides a general summary of the black codes restrictions against people of color and the effects it had on the country. The fact that the article mentions “that there can be no black codes” (“Black Codes”) suggest that the newspaper is in opposition towards the black codes.
Imagine walking down the middle of 5th Avenue, always having to worry about getting discriminated against, pushed into the street, or even shot. That’s exactly what John Howard Griffin had to worry about as a recently converted black man in the South. I chose the ‘Post-Colonial’ lens because ‘Black Like Me’ is about the black culture being kept down by other races in America, which accurately describes this lens. In the book ‘Black Like Me’, it shows precisely just how the black culture is oppressed in society and as author John Howard Griffin goes deeper into Southern black culture, he soon finds out just how unjust and biased white culture used to be.
The portrayal of African American characters and/or representations of black life in television have transformed, and continue to transform, throughout the decades. Beginning with simply inserting blackness and black themes from visions of white producers to introducing black perspectives from an array of contemporary representations, race and ethnicity are a paramount focus that continues to be shaped in the television world. In Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for Blackness, Herman Gray argues that The Cosby Show “reconfigured the aesthetic and industrial spaces within which modern television representations of blacks are constructed. Indeed, under Bill Cosby’s careful guidance the show quite intentionally presented itself as a
Pushout Book Report: Lauren Morris Monique Morris' book "Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools" investigates how the education system unfairly targets and disciplines Black girls. The book highlights the challenges that arise from the intersectionality of race and gender, leading to Black girls being forced out of the educational environment. Morris heavily relies on research and personal narratives to demonstrate a disturbing trend where Black girls receive more severe disciplinary actions than their white peers, resulting in higher rates of suspensions and expulsions. Additionally, the author interviews girls who have experienced this injustice, highlighting the systemic biases and discriminatory practices contributing to
Step into the twenty-first century where the use of the word has shifted and evolved drastically. Going from nigger to the contemporary “nigga” has produced a fluid, adaptable, postmodern, and urban construction of identity epitomizing numerous social and rhetorical flows. “Nigga” identity has been most expressed in hip-hop and rap culture, one end that presents a sense of masculinity, misogyny, as well as sexual violence then another side that attempts to locate an authentic self amidst the difficult life that has forever plagued blacks within urban America. This is a term used to bring African Americans together. The issue that lies through this metamorphosis is that African Americans have managed to establish the unspoken rule that it is
I will serve as the principal investigator conducting independent research on black cultural geographies of Chicago. As a self-design major in black cultural studies with a minor in geography, I examine the intersection between geography, black culture and music as an emerging geomusicologist. I am interested in the ways that space helps to form the cultural identities of black Chicagoans, the spatial diffusion of black culture across multiples scales and how placed based ideologies and black geographies are constructed, creating a new form of cultural capital. I use ethnomusicological and geographic methods to identify black geographies and how geography happens to black people and the ways in which they articulate their spatial narratives
The reconstruction was said to have brought a change. However, Newly free slaves faced many challenges, and whites in the south saw blacks as way less than they did before. Black codes were introduced as a way to give people of color freedom in a constitutional form. They were unique to southern states and they each had their own variation of them. It was a way to restrict the black labor force and freed people as much of slave status as possible.
In 1865, slavery was abolished and made illegal, but white Americans were not ready to give up their power over African Americans just yet. A series of laws entitled the Black Codes were enforced in order to control free black people’s rights. Although slavery was now considered illegal, many of these laws continued to oppress black people in America in extreme ways. Black Codes were slavery in another form because African Americans were not allowed to own a business without the government’s approval, were often enforced into labor contracts, and sentenced to long jail time for minor infractions.
“The vote is the most powerful instrument ever devised by man for breaking down injustice and destroying the terrible walls which imprison men because they are different from other men,” said Lyndon Baynes Johnson, the 36th President of the United States, in a speech at Washington D.C.. From 1963 to 1969, Johnson fought to secure ballot rights for African Americans, rights that had been given to all races in the fifteenth amendment in 1870. Sixty six years later, Johnson was still fighting for rights that had already been granted. According to Johnson, the vote was supposed to bring about equality in ways that other laws could not. Unfortunately, this was not the case.
At the end of the 18th century, Shelley, her family, and the rest of Europe watched as French peasants, tired of social inequality, broke into the royal prison, the Bastille, in a sign of defiance against King Louis XVI. Shortly afterwards, this rebellion turned into a revolution, King Louis XVI and his wife were imprisoned and later executed, and the French monarchy collapsed (Marcuse). Because of the French Revolution, which ushered in the First French Republic, French laws and philosophy began to align with enlightenment ideals, which emphasizes equality. On the 26th of August, 1789, the French National Assembly passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which most notably states, “Men are born and remain free and equal in
The people from Africa were generally part of early American history; however, Africans had experience slavery under better conditions compared to the conditions imposed by other civilized society. From the Egyptian Empire to the Empire of Songhai, slavery was practice for the betterment of their society, however, foreigners invaded these regions and took their slave, their ports and impose these people to a life of servitude in the Caribbean islands and in the English’s colonies. Furthermore, the African American slaves were an active agent of society in the earliest period of American history; they have brought new religious practices to their community; for instance, they constructed networks of communities; they had fought in war alongside
