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Challenging Urban Indians In The 1960's

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Throughout the United States, movements of equality begin to challenge the 1960’s. Not only did it shape time, but it also encouraged minority groups to speak out on their lost civil liberties. African Americans were essential the leaders of this monumental crusade, then others began to follow. The American Indian Movement (AIM), composed of young Indians, voiced their concerns into a 20-point manifesto of their lost rights as Indigenous peoples. They demanded civil rights from what they saw as broken treaties established long ago with the United States federal government.
Before AIM begin to challenge urban Indians into political action. The relationship between the United States Federal Government and Indians was merely a closed, paper partnership. …show more content…

Which gave them jurisdiction over land distribution and the resell of lands designated by individual Indians. Although at the time, activists were using the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, that was only applicable to Sioux Indians, making the takeover of Alcatraz a stretch. The primary goal for the takeover of Alcatraz Island was to implement an Indian cultural center on the island for future generations to come. Indians saw this as an opportunity to share and maintain their heritage as a collective group, but others like the United States Federal Government saw their actions as mediocre since the BIA saw these vocal actions to be an ignorant effort towards their own actions by running federally ruined programs created in order to help the …show more content…

They used the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, to justify their actions in this takeover since in the treaty it states that the United States will recognize the Black Hills belonging to the Sioux Indians. (https://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=42) Leaders such as Banks and Means led a caravan of AIM members and some Pine Ridge residents towards Wounded Knee, where a seventy-one-day siege would take place. Guardians of the Oglala Nation (GOONs) and Federal Marshalls sought to put an end to AIM’s actions, due to AIM’s aggressive reputation. Despite the GOONs and Federal Marshall’s concerns, the caravan toward of AIM members went on without delay. Cars filled with Indians left the Pine Ridge Reservation with the blessings of esteemed tribal elders into the night shooting and honking their way towards the liberation of the American Indian peoples. This massive caravan had confronted both the Federal Marshalls and the GOONs, along with Tribal law enforcement, trying to stop this AIM caravan from moving further. But AIM members kept pursuing towards Wounded Knee, South Dakota twenty-one miles away from Pine Ridge. Once the activists arrived, the small town of Wounded Knee had gone through a siege of vandalism and terror from AIM members. The only store was ransacked along with the museum. The young AIM members were the ones who broke the

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From the early 1800’s to the early 1900’s, American Indians have struggled with gaining citizenship and citizenship rights. Over many decades, many different races of people have gone through the same thing. White men, White women, American Indians, African Americans, and Immigrants, have all had to fight in some way or another to be recognized as citizens and to have the rights that come with citizenship. American Indians have been greatly affected by white people. There have been many broken promises and treaties over the course of 100 years along with citizenship rights.

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Indians were being surrounded a whole nation and not willing to give up their life style and costumes, relocation was best option in order to stay alive and take care of their culture. During the late 1820s a number of small “civilized tribes” had become a part of American society; some have moved into cabins, houses, and even mansions. After the Indian Removal Act of 1830, there was great unpleasant experience among the Indians who decided to remain on the natural land and way of life. Some of the Indians rejected the money given by Americans for their land. They stated that too much of their land had been taken already in the past 20 years and would defend and die for the land if it was necessary.

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Many immigrants and Native Borns took advantage of the act. They would gain 160 acres of free land in exchange of living on their land and caring for their crops for at least five years. In 1890 the Wounded Knee Massacre occurred. It was provoked by boundary conflicts and there were over 200 deaths due to the U.S. (Ayotte). This was the last battle of the Indian Wars, and about 200,000 Natives were lefts (Ayotte).

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The Massacre at Wounded Knee The massacre that occurred, in the winter of 1890, at Wounded Knee was uncalled for and cruel. The Native Americans were scared and searching for hope. People were coming into their home, stealing their land, and killing their people. The Europeans over reacted when the Natives began to dance.

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It started when about 200 Native Americans had grouped to speak out about their rights; “Frustrated by discrimination and decades of federal Indian policy, they came together to discuss the critical issues restraining them and to take control over their own destiny.” The Indians were frustrated with the discrimination they were being given. They had planned to group to discuss the issues they were dealing with that were restraining them from not being allowed to have control over their destiny. The overall goal of the American Indian Movement (AIM) was to be able to reach the attention of the courts so that they could have the same rights as everyone else; the Native Americans wanted to gain their independence and have protection over their legal rights. The most important thing for the Native Americans was that they would have autonomy over their tribal areas, and have back their lands that were stripped away from them illegally.

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