When the men went off to fight in World War II, women took over their jobs to aid the war effort by joining organisations which allowed the men to be recruited into the war as soldiers. For the
Women contributions to the workforce rose from 24% in 1914 to 37% in 1918. Women had to take over all of the men’s jobs, the physical and financial burden of caring for families. These jobs included farming, deliveries, weaponry work, printing, teaching and shop assistants. The years during the war 1914-1918 were extremely busy and stressful for both the women and the children. Women’s organisations became very active during the time of the war.
Pugh claims that ‘People had simply changed their minds in the sense that male prejudice against women had melted in face of revelations about their capabilities during wartime and their contribution to war effort’. Pugh’s view has somewhat strong validity because women were able to move away from stereotypical roles as they took on male jobs and endured the horrible work conditions and pay - this helped support their country showing patriotism and shifting society’s mindset. This can be supported as on factories and farms it was usually calculated that it would need three women to do the work of two men. Statistics support this claim as the number of women employed was between 1-2 million, this was impacted by the help of the Women’s War Register providing employment. However, not all views were changed as some employers made agreements with unions promising to protect skilled men’s jobs after the war; portraying traditional views of women were still present - they were still expected of maintaining their ‘wife and mother’ role.
The jobs were more varied than before as women were no longer being shielded from the war and its hardships. Many organizations did not allow for women to work as soldiers, but they were telephone operators in America, also known as “Hello Girls” (“Women During World War I”). Women were taking bigger steps towards equality and challenging the social norm of women being housewives by working the jobs traditionally meant for men, while successfully creating a stable Homefront and workforce for the war. There were still restrictions as women could not to work abroad or on board ships as they were not thought to be trained enough to be near battle (“Women During World War I”). Though not all women could work, others became volunteers, which was “of central importance to middle class women” (“Campbell”).
Shortly after the men started leaving to go into war women began to break away from their traditional house roles. Due to the men leaving for the war, the work force started to decrease. Women began to fill mens shoes in jobs such as bank clerks, ticket sellers, chauffeurs, elevator operators, etc. as a result. Labor Unions were adamant that women not work in the factories.
The war had a great impact on women, as the opportunity to fill jobs originally
Looking at the short story written by Meridel Le Sueur, women were struggling trying to find work. Women constantly waited, sat there “hour after hour, day after day, waiting for a job to come in.” When World War II started, it gave women the opportunity they have been desperately waiting for and it benefited the nation greatly. Women worked in all types of jobs ranging from ammunition to being welders and shipbuilders. Even though women faced inequality and gender segregation, women continued to push and demonstrate their competence in the workforce.
Women’s roles in factory life exemplified the shift away from agriculture work, and the increase in the number of women working outside of the home for little pay, acts brought about by the advent of the Industrial
As depicted in Document 3, more women were joining the workforce in factories and having jobs only before being occupied by men. More women were joining the workforce in response to the open positions caused by men enlisting and being drafted into the war. To continue the U.S.'s productivity of supplies and to support themselves and their families, women began to take positions in workplaces that were mostly looked at to be as men's jobs by society. Women had more financial independence and were able to be employed in a larger variety of jobs due to the need for women working in factories to make materiels for World War
For more than simple housework women were needed for jobs which advertised would help the US win the war, like taxi and bus drivers, salespeople, elevator operators, farm workers, etc. Women's participation in traditionally male-dominated fields opened up new career paths for them after the war ended; some even continued working outside of their homes when returning veterans resumed their old positions at factories or businesses across America. This raised the issue of over industrializing parts of the country. Articles like “Watch the West Coast” by Carey McWilliam express how the West primarily industrialized wartime products as factories retooled for wartime production of weapons and equipment needed by U.S. troops overseas, like aircraft and construction ships. So post-war would be a serious threat to employment rates.
The war had provided a variety of employment opportunities for women and the most common job for women was at home, working in factories and filling in positions for their husbands, fathers, and brothers in their absence. Although the highest demand for workers were in previously male-dominated
In the article it says that women entered jobs like engineering, other professions, and manufacturing jobs that many people believed that those jobs were too dangerous for women and women were too weak. In their jobs, women made airplanes, warships, munitions, and tanks working in technical and scientific fields. Also, after the war, women were still employed as secretaries, waitresses, or in other clerical jobs. This was often called the “pink collar” force. This article shows how sometimes women are given clerical jobs that show people underestimate the abilities of women.
In the book written by (Gavin, 1997) it was cited that “As women took over from their absent men in hundreds of new and challenging occupations, many of which had previously been considered inappropriate”. From the beginning of the World War 1, the German women were participating a great deal. They contributed to half a million-people working on the munitions manufacturing alone (Gavin, 1997). It also mentioned in the book that over in the U.S, the men in charge refused to let the women participate up until April 1917 (Gavin, 1997). The U.S government never formally authorize the enrolment of women, despite Army officials repeatedly asking for such personnel’s.
The second principle is: Conflict is an inevitable part of life, but we determine our response. Trying to avoid all conflict is useless. Disagreement is inevitable because we live in a fallen world. People disagree with each other for many reasons. Conflict may result from different opinions, a personality clash, miscommunication, or jealousy.
Prince Hamlet is in shock to know his mother Gertrude has already remarried, prior to having been summoned back to Denmark from Germany to attend his father’s funeral. The queen had been married to Claudius, the late king’s brother, and the usurper to the throne. A ghost walks in the walls of Elsinore Castle in Denmark on a dark winter night. It was first discovered by a pair of watchmen, then by Horatio, a scholar. The ghost resembles the late King Hamlet.
