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Characteristics Of Greco-Persian Wars

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The Persian Wars, also known as Greco-Persian Wars, were a series of two battles. Both wars were led by two separate kings, King Darius (550-486 B.C.) and his son, King Xerxes I (519- 465 B.C.). Due to both different rulers the war was considered to be in two stages, involving the same people against each other but much different tribulations- but yet still had the same victors.

How did the Persian Wars begin, well it began after the Ionian Revolt. The Revolt began due to too many battles before that were between the Atheians, Erectrians, and the Ionians. The Persians, which by this time were now led by King Darius, were outrages that the Athenians and Eretrians made treaties and agreements with Ionians. Reason being because the Athenians …show more content…

They were outnumbered in the battle has the Persians lost over 200 ships.
Then in the land battle at Plataea in 479 BC, the spartan-led army defeated the Persian Army. The Persians were driven from Greece. Athens came up with a plan that included the naval victory of Salamis, which was the decisive victory in the war, the Athenians could rightly be said to have saved all of Greece from Persian domination. In the last joint campaign by Sparta and Athens the strategically important city of Byzantium is liberated from Persian rule. Representatives from both athens and other Aegan aty-states met in Delos to form a coalition, that was later known as the Delian League. The Delian Legue was formed for mutual defense, but it was also made to liberate the Greek Cities of Lonia from the Persian rule. A couple of years the Athenian General Cimon wins a great victory over the Persians at the mouth of the Eurymedon River, in southwest Turkey. Herodotus, known as the “father of history; wrote his accounts of the Greco-Persian wars from a vantage point in Asia Minor in 460 BC. it is now 455 BC and the Greeks suffer a major reverse, when their fleet is trapped in the Nile and destroyed by the Persians. The Athenians mount successful attacks on the Persian forces occupying the Greek Island of Cyprus. 448 BC, in the peace of Kallias the Persians acknowledge the independence of Greek Lonia, and come to an agreement to not bring their fleet into the

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After the formation of the Hellenic League which successfully repelled Persia from Greece, the alliance broke up into two major forces. Thucydides claims “at the head of the one stood Athens, at the head of the other Lacedaemon, one the first naval, the other the first military power in Hellas.” (1.18) Athens and allies became the Delian League, which continued fighting in Asia Minor in order to conquer and liberate Persian controlled Greek states, and Sparta and allies formed the Peloponnesian League. However, once peace had been established with Persia in 449, the Delian League was reformed and Athens held hegemony over the allies and utilized them as tribute paying subjects.

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Sparta was not going to let itself being conquered or their freedom being taken away. Some battles that Spartans were known for were Thermopylae and Plataea in the 5th century BC. The battle of Thermopylae was the first battle between the Persians and the Greeks; the Persian army was vast compared to the small Greek and Spartan armies. Persian King Xerxes had already the Thessalains in the Persian side but the rest of the Greek city-states banded together and put Sparta in charge of the Greek army. The Greeks had to defend a narrow pass that could lead the Persians into Greece from the North, this pass was called Thermopylae.

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Being alive to witness the events that occurred in and around fifth century B. C. E. Greece meant that Thucydides could not help but write down his experiences. The Athenians of Greece and the people of the Persian Empire were constantly at odds with each other, and these differences eventually led to the Peloponnesian war. This war lasted from 431-404 B.C.E. and began an era of conflict between the two peoples (Bulliet). This power struggle not only inflated the ego of the Athenians, but created many negative viewpoints of the Persians. Thucydides, being an Athenian, was therefore extremely biased against the Persians.

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This is because Athens were better at commanding a successful naval battle, in a way the Spartans never could. Without Themistocles persuasion in his speech, echoing the words of Miltiades from the Battle of Marathon, ‘This is your chance to save Greece’, they would not have been able to afford the ‘heavy ships’ that worked as battering rams against the Persians lighter ships. Therefore, the Spartans do not deserve as much credit as the Athenians as the Athenians could still have won the battle of Salamis without Spartan aid. However, Herodotus claims that in Themistocles speech ot the allies, he states, ‘their land forces will keep pace with the fleet’. This acknowledges the fact that Themistocles, and in turn Athens, knew that this would not be the end of the battle.

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By showing that both the Greeks and Persians were obsessed with revenge, which often lead to further conflict, Herodotus suggests that the Greco-Persian Wars would continue for decades after the Greeks won the invasion. The Siege of Sestos shows the Greek’s desire to be as powerful and dominant as the Persians once were through striving to conquer all territory that had previously been owned by the Persians. Herodotus includes this digression at the end of his narrative to connote that because the Athenians were now as powerful as the Persians were in the beginning of Histories, they would eventually fall, similar to the way the Persians did in the narrative. Therefore, Herodotus can end his narrative with the first book because he implies the outcome and continuation of the next thirty years of Greco-Persian

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