This is a sculpture that consists of 17 bronze panels, three longhorns, pointed wire, and a Texas star that represent different aspects on the history of the trail. The sculptor Troy Kelley has added his own artist interpretation to this history, and has held to the facts of the trail as well. For me it was a unique piece because it was really tall with many panels, each having different stories to tell. The artist, Troy Kelley is a painter and sculptor in Salado, Texas.
The first expedition of the North American interior was started in 1539. Marcos de Niza went with a African slave known as Esteban the Moor to act as a guide. Marcos de Niza gave Esteban the Moor specific instructions to go ahead and leave crosses. Because crosses were common as grave markers, Marcos de Niza thought the there was great wealth. But he was wrong when realized the cross was a grave marker for Esteban the Moor.
The Jasper Arrowhead was not only used for hunting for animals,but also used for war. They were displayed in lots of museums. A lot of Jasper Arrowheads were made a different way for a advantage.
It was thomas jefferson's newly owned land and his will to explore it he decided to send explorers across it in which he named the corps of discovery. The heads of the group were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. When starting the expedition meriwether lewis bought many gifts for the indians such as beads, coats, fabrics, and hats that could hopefully help convince the indians to be relatively good friends with the explorers and our country. When the expedition started exploring in 1803 they started down the Mississippi river on three ships and didn’t run into any american indians. as they traveled they learned about many new things such as minerals and plants so far unknown to science and eventually sent a care package back to president Jefferson on one of the three ships to show him all the new scientific discoveries that the expedition had made.
Then the Cheyenne and Lakota (Sioux) arrived. One Lakota named Lone Dog made a record in a spiral, each year marked by a symbol of the most memorable thing that happened that year. Many years were shown by wars. The wars were caused by the Lakota spreading out. The Lakota were the big kids on the playground.
Among the explorers of North America that sought out and plundered the natives’ riches, Hernando De Soto is noted for combing over the southeast. During this journey De Soto is noted for meeting and sending Chief Tuscaloosa to his untimely death. Not only did Hernando De Soto and his crew kill Chief Tuscaloosa but they were known for conquering other natives in lust over their riches, such as gold and silver, not to mention their territory. The natives stood no chance against Hernando De Soto and his men, not only were the natives at a disadvantage technologically but the had been already injured socially and economically.
Fort Maurepas: The Conquest of Louisiana In the 1680s, Sieur de La Salle became the first European to discover the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, he failed to establish a permanent settlement there, so he left a letter to a group of Native Americans from the Mongoulacha tribe and told them to keep it until the French returned. Eventually, the dream of establishing a colony on the Mississippi River Valley would be fulfilled in Fort Maurepas.
The Bighorn Medicine wheel was constructed on top of the Bighorn Range in Wyoming by Plain Indians. This ancient Native American construction is set up in a wheel like pattern made of stones and was built between 300 to 800 years ago. This site is only available during 2 months around the summer solstice as it is 9,642 feet high and is covered with snow for the rest of the year. The structure is 80’ in diameter and at the center is a pile of stones called a cairn that connects to 28 spoke-like lines of stone. If you place yourself on one cairn facing the other you are able to point out where the sun rises and set on the summer solstice.
America Before Columbus Had you heard of Cahokia before? What surprised you, if anything? I have never heard of Cahokia before and reading about them today is very interesting. They were a very educated people, the large ceremonial mounds are such a beautiful creation and the fact that the settlers believed the mounds to be built by someone else is wrong. The settlers were very harsh to the natives, doubting their intelligence and their genius.
It was originally theorized that the earliest settlers of North American were young adults and their families migrating from Asia, who crossed over Beringia, a land southwest of Alaska, and migrated to North America twelve thousand years ago in search of wooly mammoths to feed and clothe their families. However, current beliefs dictate that the earliest settlers may have come to North America well before the suggested twelve thousand years ago and were not from Asia but Europe. The discovery of a 9,000-year-old skeleton, dubbed the Kennewick man, sparked controversy after reconstruction tests revealed that he bared a resemblance to a European rather than a Paleo-Indian hunter. This was quite significant discovery considering that Europeans were not thought to inhabit the Americas to a much later date.
The end of the fifteenth century is attributed as the time period in which Christopher Colombus “discovered” the Americas. Although he was allegedly the first European to have reached these unknown lands at the time, many sought to reach the new world, for a variety of reasons. Most of those people could be divided in two: the settlers and the conquerors. In North America, there were more of the former, people looking for a new home where they could rebuild their families and lives. In Meso-America, however, the goal was to exploit the lands in order to produce and extract new goods which they could trade.
I chose to study about Tiwanaku, a pre-Columbian archaeological site in South America in A.D. 500 and compare it to Teotihuacan, a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city in 500 A.D. located in a sub valley of the Valley of Mexico. There a great similarities to each place but the two things that separates them is location and time. Tiwanaku is located in the southern shores of Lake Titicaca, in the Province of Ingavi, Department of La Paz. It was built nearly 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) above sea level, making it the highest urban centers ever constructed of its time. Surrounded by mountains and hills settled in a valley, it began as a small settlement in 1200 BCE that reached its peak of inhabitants roughly around 400 A.D. and 900 A.D..
1. Paleo-Indians Paleo-Indians are described as the initial Americans, those who set forth the preliminaries of Native American culture. They trekked in bands of around fifteen to fifty individuals, around definite hunting terrains, establishing traditional gender roles of hunter-gatherers. It is agreed that such Paleo-Indians began inhabiting America after the final Ice Age, and that by 1300 B.C.E. human communities had expanded to the point of residing in multiple parts of North America. As these early Native Americans spread out, their sites ranged anywhere from northern Canada to Monte Verde, Chile.
The Aztec The Aztecs arrive in the Basin of Mexico.
“1491” Questions 1. Two scholars, Erikson and William Balée believe that almost all aspects of Native American life have been perceived wrong. Although some refuse to believe this, it has been proven to be the truth. Throughout Charles C. Mann’s article from The Atlantic, “1491”, he discusses three main points: how many things that are viewed as facts about the natives are actually not true, the dispute between the high and low counters, and the importance of the role disease played in the history of the Americas. When the term “Native American” is heard, the average person tends to often relate that to a savage hunter who tries to minimize their impact on their surrounding environment.
