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Abraham lincoln and the civil rights
Lincolns influence during the civil war
Lincoln and johnson's plans for reconstruction
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This week I was going to bring Abraham Lincoln 's plan for reconstruction to the table. It is said that Lincoln started to plan for reconstruction post war. The plan was to address three key areas for concern. First the proclamation allowed full pardon and restoration of any property to anyone who was considered a rebellion or a member of the confederate army with exception of the highest officials and leaders (which is interesting). It also allowed for a state government to be formed once ten percent of the population took an oath of allegiance to the United States, and it encouraged the southern states to deal with slaves in such a way that it would not compromise their freedom.
The Presidential Reconstruction and Congressional Reconstruction plans were frequently different from one another. As I continue, I will state in my opinion the most significant differences between the two plans. To begin, Lincoln and Johnson’s plans were far too lenient with the Confederate states. The Presidential Reconstruction plan under Johnson allowed former Confederate states to be part of the Union, when they accepted the 13th amendment and swore to the Union. While, the Congressional Reconstruction plan was to allow those states to rejoin the Union if and only when they accepted the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
Teagan Crisamore 802 In this essay I will be explaining the pros and cons of each plan then explaining which one is better. In the Wade-Davis bill the cons were: Having to Pledge to the union and Only white males who didn 't fight could vote,President Lincoln did not like this plan but Wade Davis made President Lincoln realize he would have to compromise. The Wade Davis bill also made it hard for people to vote so they started looking at the 10% plan. In the 10% plan the pros were : Only 10% of voters had to pledge allegiance to the union , there would be a new constitution to ban slavery and offered amnesty to the southerners or official pardon for illegal acts supporting the rebellion.
Abraham Lincoln’s vs Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Lincoln shared the uncommon belief that the confederate states could still be part of the union and that the cause of the rebellion was only a few within the states which lead him to begin the reconstruction in December of 1863. This resulted in plans with lenient guidelines and although they were challenged by Wade-Davis Bill, Lincoln still rejected his ideas and kept his policies in place. Lincoln also allowed land to be given the newly freed slave or homeless white by distributing the land that had been confiscated from former land owners however this fell through once Johnson took office. After Lincoln’s death when Johnson was elected many things started to turn away from giving blacks equal rights and resulted in many things such a black codes which kept newly freed slaves from having the same rights as whites. When Lincoln first acted after the civil war, he offered policies that would allow the confederate slaves to become part of the union again and would allow a pardon for those states.
Very soon after Lincoln died, and his Vice President Andrew Johnson was placed into presidency. The summer of 1865, Johnson focused on another plan for reconstruction without help and opinions from Congress. When Johnson invited people to read his course of action for reconstruction, he was the laugh of the South, and many state governments began to evade the laws. Thus, created Black Codes, which gave White Southerner 's supremacy to newly freed slaves.
One leader for the Confederacy was Jefferson Davis. He contributed to the course and outcome of the Civil War by leading the Confederates, most people think he was a stronger leader than Abraham Lincoln, mainly because he was in the United States MIlitary Academy at West Point. Also he was a officer during the Mexican War. Then he helped try to win the war by serving as Secretary of War under the 14th president Franklin Pierce, additionally Jefferson Davis was widely respected for his courage and for his honesty. One leader for the Union was president Abraham Lincoln.
The reconstruction was divided into three phases: Presidential Reconstruction, Reconstruction of Congress and Redemption. In the Redemption phase (1873-1877) it is the one that takes place at the moment in which the Southern whites defeated the radical republicans and, in exchange for recognizing the questioned victory of the Republican Rutherford Birchard Hayes over his rival of the Democratic Party, Samuel Jones Tilden, in the elections of 1876, received all the support to reestablish themselves in the control of the policy of the formerly slave states, which marks the end of Reconstruction. Through the Commitment of 1877, President Rutherford Hayes withdrew federal troops, causing the collapse of the three state Republican governments that
President Johnson and President Reagan's visions of America were similar and different in many ways. President Johnson wants the Federal Government to be more involved solving problems of America compared to President Reagan, who wants less involvement of the Federal Government. Both Presidents want to make America as great as it can be, but they have their sights set on two different solutions. President Johnson wants to focus on making the quality of society better versus President Reagan, who wants to focus on economic fairness. These two Presidents are trying to accomplish the same goal to make America the best it can be, but it is being done with a Democratic and Republican point of view.
Johnson, a southern Democrat who supported the Union, had been chosen as a running mate by Lincoln in 1860 to try and appease both sides of the slavery debate. Johnson had been a tailor by trade prior to entering politics and had none of Lincoln’s skills as orator or negotiator. From the state of Tennessee, he had sympathy for the South and supported Lincoln’s plan of “restoration.” After Lincoln’s death, Johnson implemented his own plan, based loosely on the desires of Lincoln to shepherd the South back into the Union, but with several distinct changes. Johnson chose not to allow military nor civil leaders of the Confederacy to participate in the new government.
The Reconstruction, one of the roughest and controversial era in American history, took place after the Civil War between 1865 and 1877. This began the process of bringing the Nation back together and giving former slaves equals rights by three new Constitutional amendments. From the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, Lincoln’s goal was the restoration of the Confederate states to the Union. In 1863, Lincoln proposed the Ten Percent Plan that granted amnesty to those Confederate states which swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. It would have given a general pardon to all southerners excluding high-ranking Confederate army officers and government officials.
In many ways, Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln compared and contrasted amongst many ideals, the most decisive being the issue of slavery. Lincoln would compare with Davis over the defense of slavery and the inferiority of African-Americans . Regardless, the two presidents would differ amongst slave rights (liberty) and expansion of the institution. Throughout a dismal time of America succession and the civil war began the idea of slavery would shift politics into two dominant factions.
Johnson believed in state rights and thought that the federal government should be minimally involved in the affairs of the states. Furthermore, Johnson held deeply racist views and didn’t believe in black suffrage at all. These two positions would be the foundation of Johnson’s plans for reconstruction and they would put him in direct conflict with the Republican controlled congress that believed in black suffrage and a strong role for the federal government in reconstruction.
The first African American leaders in the South Came from the ranks of antebellum free blacks who were joint by norther blacks to support Reconstruction. Blanche K Bruce an ex slave established a school for freedmen and in 1874 he became Mississippi’s second black U.S. senator. African American speakers who were financed by the Republican Party, spread out into the plantation districts and recruited former slaves to take part in politics. In South Carolina, African Americans constituted a majority in the lower house of legislature in 1868. Over the reconstruction twenty African Americans served in state administrations as Governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, or lesser offices.
Sources Analysis Freedom During the Reconstruction era, the idea of freedom could have many different meanings. Everyday factors that we don't often think about today such as the color of our skin, where we were born, and whether or not we own land determined what limitations were placed on the ability to live our life to the fullest. To dig deeper into what freedom meant for different individuals during this time period, I analyzed three primary sources written by those who experienced this first hand. These included “Excerpts from The Black Codes of Mississippi” (1865), “Jourdan Anderson to his old master” (1865), and “Testimony on the Ku Klux Klan in Congressional Hearing” (1872).
Two presidents emerged from the Cold War era of the 20th century that have influenced American policy even up to the present day. Reagan, a Republican during the “New Conservative” movement, held many differing views when compared to Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat from the 1960s who created the "Great Society." These two leaders had contrasting views on a range of issues, including the role of government, social issues, and foreign policy. One thing Reagan believed in was limited government. One of the main things the New Conservatives were worried about was the government overstepping their bounds when it should just be left up to the States.
