1.The act of ethnocentrism involves a particular culture, for example, feeling more superior over another. Ethnocentrism determines an individual’s actions, values and beliefs according to their culture. This is why it would have influence over the cross-culture study of morality. Religion in a particular society can help stabilize societies to develop the type of cooperation of socially complex societies. The type of god or belief of a particular culture or society can affect its moralistic values, as discussed in the short film.
2.Gemeinschaft categorizes a small organization, where interpersonal relationships are play as a big role. “Gemeinschaft relationships bind people together with the social glue of concord – that is, relationships are viewed as real, organic, and ends in themselves.” People feel a union through spirit. They are influential relationships on one self-identity.
Gesellschaft is the opposite. It is defined as “association” or “society”. These groups are relevant to Western modern societies. They “treat relationships as imaginary, instrumental, and a mean to
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This was discussed in Chapter 12. Two examples were given: Jimmy Carter’s lustful thoughts and Sigmund Freud’s supposal bad thoughts based on his work. Both differed in their religious backgrounds. This could explain their moral reasoning. Carter was part of Protestantism, while Freud was Jewish. A Survey of both religions was taken in regards to beliefs versus practices. What was more important? The act or the belief? “Jewish participants rated practices as more important than beliefs for being religious, whereas Protestants put greater emphasis on beliefs than practices.” This would differ the severity of morality of bad thoughts among the two religions. This was also discussed throughout the short film. Individuals vouching that their gods care about morality had more fair approaches and beliefs towards people. Religion regulates morality and beliefs, including the thought