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Literature review stop and frisk
Stop and frisk literature reviews
Introduction for stop and frisk
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Literature review stop and frisk
Stop and frisk literature reviews
Introduction for stop and frisk
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David Floyd was the lead plaintiff amongst others, Lalit Clarkson, Deon Dennis, and David Ourlicht in the 2013 New York City Police Department (NYPD) Stop and Frisk lawsuit. Floyd claimed that on February 27, 2008, he was walking on the path nearby to his house in the Bronx, New York. He encountered the basement tenant, also an African–American man, locked out of his apartment. Before they could open the door, three NYPD officers approached them and asked the two men what they were doing, told them to stop, and proceeded to frisk them. The officers claimed they had stopped Floyd because they believed Floyd was attempting a burglary.
Stop and frisk has been a highly conversed topic within the general public within recent years. Many people think that these are just a way to profile possible offenders and treat them as guilty before they do anything wrong. Our book describes how that is not true because a stop and frisk must meet certain requirements in order to be valid. A major case that was held in regards to stop and frisk was Terry v. Ohio and this case determined that a police officer must meet two requirements in order for the stop to be valid. The first one is that either a crime has been committed or will be committed and the suspect is possibly armed and dangerous.
Second problem with his argument is that it is unjustified. For example the law ‘Stop and Frisk’ “Judge Rules NYPD Stop and Frisk Practices Unconstitutional, Racially Discriminatory. August 12, 2013, New York – In a landmark decision, a federal court found the New York City Police Department 's highly controversial stop-and-frisk practices unconstitutional. Judge Shira Scheindlin found the NYPD’s practices to violate New Yorkers’ Fourth Amendment rights to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures and also found that the practices were racially discriminatory in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.”
The act of “Stop and Frisk” began in the early 1900’s when crime rates began to escalate in major cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Stop, question, and frisk, or SQF, is an urban policing measure that involves the large-scale deployment of officers in public spaces (e.g., sidewalks, alleys, the communal outdoor spaces of public housing) tasked with conducting frequent investigative stops (Huq, A. Z. (2017). In the articles provided, it is questioned whether New York’s stop and frisk policy is constitutional or not. I agree with the court's ruling, I believe Judge Scheindlin seemed too involved. “Judge Shira A. Scheindlin, the appeals court said, jeopardized "the appearance of partiality ... by a series of media interviews and public statements purporting to respond publicly to criticism of the District Court”
Stop and Frisk is a practice used by police officers as it gives them the power to stop,question,and frisk suspects given reasonable circumstances. In the New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander says “ In ‘colorblind’ America criminals are the new whipping boys. They are entitled to no respect and little moral concern” (Alexander). There is no such thing as color blindness. When you first look at me what do you see?
2005, An Analysis of the NYPD 's stop and frisk policy in the context of the claim of racial bias by Andrew Gelman, Jeffrey Fagan, Alex Kiss is about the NYPD records of indicated that they were stopping black and Hispanics more often that they were stopping whites. Minorities are stopped twice as often for violent crimes and a weapons offense. Lower "hit rates" for non-whites is suggested as the targeting of minorities while another suggests dynamics of racial stereotyping and a more passive form of racial preference. Racial Incongruity stops in high rates of minority stop in predominantly white precincts. Being out of place is often a reason for suspicion.
As citizens of America, we are taught to believe that we are going to be protected by the police and the constitution. In reality the police that are on beat and the courts are finding ways to violate our constitutional rights. Police are finding ways to violate our fourth amendment rights in such ways that makes civilians second guessing whether they are here to serve and protect or just to meet a certain quota. Stop and frisk was implemented to stop the crimes that are on the streets but, instead they are causing racial profiling by the police to African Americans and Latinos. The police are over using and abusing “Stop and Frisk” so they can make arrest and to put fear into young adult’s life.
Stop Injustice, End "Stop and Frisk" Do you want to feel discriminated against? No? If you do not want to feel discriminated against then stop "stop and frisk". "Stop and frisk" is a law that caused much trouble for the people of the United States and the people of planet earth. This law allows police and officers to stop blameless people and frisk them.
Their purpose is so find and remove weapons from the streets as well as gain information to find and solve crime sprees. In addition, one of the important reasons of this practice is to send future and current criminals that at any time they could receive a stop and frisk (Bergner, D.,2014). For instance, in New York City from 1990 to 2013 there was around a seventy-five percent decrease of major felonies (Bandler, A., 2016). This was all because of ‘protective policing’ which includes stop and frisk. The City of New York has recently banned the practice of the stop and frisk, subsequently, the homicide rates have increased nearly twenty percent and gun crime has continued to increase for two consecutive years (Bandler, A.,
In my paper, I am going to discuss the advantage and disadvantage of stop-and frisk, and the methodology of how the police conduct stop-and-frisk. Next, does stop-and-frisk hinder civil liberty and is it constitutional or not. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the search and does help to prevent the crimes? I am going to analysis the advantage and disadvantage of stop-and frisk program and how the police conducted it such as in New York City. How we can improve stop-and-frisk program to make it more effective?
Burglary rates fell by half over the period and robbery rates dropped almost as much. “Whereas SQF critics argue that the policy is ineffective because so few suspects are arrested or found carrying weapons or contraband, police officials argue just the opposite”(Rosenfeld, Fornango). NYPD responded by suggesting that the reason is because people know they will be stopped. They argued that this shows the effectiveness of stop and frisk, saying the practice has prevented people from carrying guns on the street. Since people know that the likelihood of being stop is high, they will not carry guns.
Stop and Frisk Stop and Frisk, the tactic that has been going on for only for short time, yet there seems to be racial tension already. But is this new information actually true or is it just good policing? According to Heather Mac Donald from the Manhattan Institute, says “what looks like racial profiling might just be good policing”. However according to Ranjana Natarajan from the Washington post “it’s clear that two issues need to be addressed: racial profiling and police use of excessive force.” Unfortunately we cannot have both ways.
Racial profiling is the prejudicial practice by law enforcement of singling out individuals for suspicion of a crime based on the persons ethnicity, religion, or origin. Many cases over racial profiling have ended with the police accused of the act being acquitted for their crimes. An officer from Maryland received no punishment for releasing a police dog on multiple unarmed Mexican immigrants ( ACLU, 2017). This has been a problem in the United States for centuries. During the 19th and early 20th centuries southern Sheriffs sat by while the Ku Klux Klan harassed African Americans (ACLU, 2017).
Certain ethnic communities are targets of racial profiling and create harmful stereotypes. An article titled "Racial Profiling: Is racial profiling a necessary police practice?" presented statistics stating the percentage of people stopped and frisked by New York police in 2011. The statistics stated that 52.9% of those stopped were African American, 33.7% were Latino, and 9.3% were white. Donald Tomaskovic-Devey and Patricia Waren writers of "Racial Profiling Leads to Discrimination" conducted research on traffic stops and police searches. In their article they discussed their findings and noted, "The most recent data (for 2007) shows African Americans were 78% more likely than whites to be searched.
Moorhouse, John C, and Brent Wanner. “Does Gun Control Reduce Crime Or Does Crime Increase Gun Control?” Ebscohost, 1 Jan. 2006, web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=db378b8b-d9e7-4ee7-b26c-460bc1177bd4%40sessionmgr4008. Moorhouse and Wanner, in their article “Does Gun Control Reduce Crime Or Does Crime Increase Gun Control”, studied whether or not gun control reduced gun violence in individual states. The overarching theme throughout the individual states is that gun control doesn’t reduce gun violence and is very ineffective.