Definition Of Structural Social Work
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Ideologically, structural social work originated in late 1930 's from the Frankfurt School, also known as Critical Theory. But in practice, it emerged in the mid 1970s at Carleton University in Canada, under the leadership of Maurice Moreau. To define it in laymans language, structural social work is a social work practice that works for social justice through societal transformation, while simultaneously addressing individuals ' immediate needs. Robert Mullaly has defined structural social work as “Structural social work is a moral theory. It suggests that the underlying causes for social problems are the differential control of resources and political power inherent in capitalistic societies. The system is viewed as faulty.” (Mullaly, 1997, p. 119)
The primary goal of structural social work is to fundamentally transform the oppressive and inequitable structures in the society like racism, casteism, capitalism, patriarchy, heterosexism, other and establishing values of justice, equality, freedom, collectivism & humanitarianism. Thus structural social work is in contrast with conventional / traditional social work, which focuses only upon individual level and places them in dependent position by making them adjust and adapt to existing structures only. Structural social work believes that in order to achieve social welfare in real sense, fundamental changes need to be made in manner in which resources and power is distributed in the global
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Anti-oppressive practice focuses on the structural inequalities and places the blame that service users internalize on the structures and systems themselves (Ajandi, 2018). Humanistic and social justice values and ideas shape anti-oppressive practice (Healy, 2015). They address inequalities that affect opportunities of service users, due to the interlocking of social relations and oppression (Burke & Harrison, 2002). AOP aims to identify oppressions and define ways in which social workers can attempt to become anti-oppressive, avoid discomfort, and end oppression to service users (Strega, 2007). It highlights mutual involvement between the social worker and the service user, challenging forms of oppression and inequalities (Burke & Harrison, 2002), and presents the idea that service users do not occupy a “single identity”, but instead have interlocking oppressions that work together to put clients at a social disadvantage (Strega, 2007).
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It directs people to acquire knowledge to identify and use the resources. Social work studies individual problems as well as social issues which create hindrance to people in their walks of life. Social workers employ an adequate skills, techniques, strategies, principles, and activities at various system levels, for maintaining a system or for system change efforts. Social work practice makes us understand various forms of therapy and counseling, group work, and community work; policy formulation and analysis; and advocacy and political interventions. Social work practice is aimed at increasing people 's hope, self-esteem and creative potential to confront and challenge oppressive power dynamics and structural sources of injustices, thus merging consistently e the micro-macro, personal-political dimension of intervention.
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