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Deinstitutionalization

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In recent years, alternatives in living environments have emerged for people with developmental disabilities. These alternatives have formed mainly due to the deinstitutionalization of people with developmental disabilities. Deinstitutionalization, meaning the transfer of individuals with developmental disabilities from institutions (congregate living environments) to community-based living arrangements. The subject of deinstitutionalization has been researched for many reasons. The quality of institutions has played a large role in deinstitutionalization. In some institutions people with developmental disabilities live in poor, restrictive conditions. These poor, restrictive conditions have made more national attention in recent years. Research …show more content…

My interest is in the autonomous functioning of people with developmental disabilities living in different environments and its correlation to community integration. Autonomous functioning, ultimately their self-determination; allows social workers to provide effective services to people with developmental disabilities. If self-determination increases with deinstitutionalization, changes in services provided to people with developmentally disabilities should be discussed and evaluated. Therefore, self-determination is necessary in finding effective services for people with developmental disabilities, especially those trying to achieve community integration. Research on deinstitutionalization has become prevalent in recent years. In order for deinstitutionalization to be successful, it must focus on individuals and their needs (Racino, 2002). In order to achieve community integration, many changes are …show more content…

Also, this study aimed to find what the components of the quality of life are for people with developmental disabilities who lived in more restrictive environments and then moved to less restrictive environments. The result of this research study was that there were five different components for personal competence and community integration for people with developmental disabilities in small residential programs. Ultimately, this research study explained that through this research and other research on components of personal competence and community integration we can learn how to teach better life skills and allow more opportunities for people with developmental disabilities, so they can have a better quality of life. (Bruininks, R. H., Chen, T. H., & Lakin, C. K.,

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Deinstitutionalization: A Harsh Reality Deinstitutionalization is defined as releasing mentally ill patients from state psychiatric institutions and then shutting the institutions down. This began in the United States in 1955 and has consequently contributed to the rise of the mental illness crisis today, where many Americans do not receive the treatment they need for mental illness (Torrey). The introduction and evolution of new drugs into the mental health facilities allowed for a way to release a multitude of patients back into society. Many of these patients were also misdiagnosed, while some needed to be in a mental institution. Release meant several things for these patients.

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Although the unemployment and underemployment rates for people with developmental disabilities remain unacceptably high in the late 2000’s, as high as 75%, it is becoming increasingly clear that people with developmental disabilities have the ability to be gainfully employed. As the population increases in the ASD community so does the increasing need for research into and the development of more support structures to keep individuals out in the community and increase the number of individuals in the workforce. As of 2013 only 53.4% of individuals with ASD have worked outside the home after high school and only 20.9% are in fulltime employment. (Ewing, 2013) Knowing that adulthood means securing a job, a residence, and having a social network to interact with, most individuals on the spectrum, as seen in this report, are failing to achieve that level of self-sufficiency that not only a neuro-typical individual achieves, but also that of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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THESIS STATEMENT Disability labels are used by many professionals as an important unit of the special education process. This is mainly in large regard to how it is conducted in the United States. However, the ordered mandate use of disability labels has been criticized by many parents, schools, and child advocacy groups around the country which have strong concerns due to the unintended, latent, negative repercussions that tend to come from disability labeling (Bernstein, 1976). Disability labeling identifies informative definitions which are used to determine eligibility requirements for education(Bradley, Danielson, Doolittle, ,2005).

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Society from time immemorial has struggled with how to integrate those persons born with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Often lumped in with those that could be defined as mentally ill, one of the most prevalent solutions for dealing with both categories of people was shutting them away from society, or in other words, permanent or semi-permanent treatment in a mental institution. However, beginning in the mid twentieth century, a new trend entitled ‘deinstitutionalization’ began transitioning the care of thousands of intellectually and developmentally disabled persons out of institutions and into community care programs. Ultimately, this trend has managed to successfully integrate thousands of intellectually and developmentally disabled persons back into society and make a marked improvements on their quality of life. Although, work to integrate this community back into society is far from over.

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