ipl-logo

Determining The Factors That Affect Evaporation Rates

1149 Words5 Pages

Purpose: Intermolecular force is the strength of the bond between two molecules. It is affected by their molar masses since the more lightweight a molecule is, the easier it is to pull it away from whatever it is bonded to. Although molar mass affects intermolecular forces, it is not the greatest factor in the determination of a bond’s strength. Polarity, or the positive and negative sides of a molecule dictate the intermolecular forces far greater than molar mass. When a molecule only has a small difference in electronegativity (their attractiveness to electrons) between the elements it consists of, the intermolecular force is called london-dispersion. London-dispersion forces are from when a molecule gets a temporary dipole and is weakly …show more content…

However, if the intermolecular force is in a medium range, it can be called dipole-dipole, which means that a permanent charge exits at opposite ends of the molecule and a stronger bond is formed. The purpose of this lab was to determine the factors that affect evaporations rates using multiple different liquids. By measuring the evaporation rates using a LabQuest and probe, it is possible to determine what kind of intermolecular force the liquid has, as well as what factors dictate the strength of the bond, because the faster a liquid evaporates, the weaker the intermolecular forces are due to them breaking apart rather easily to become a gas. The same goes but for the opposite; if a liquid takes longer to evaporate, it has a stronger intermolecular force and thereby the bonds between the molecules hold the substance more tightly together instead of breaking apart to …show more content…

Based on the lab, polarity affects intermolecular forces the greatest because as the polarity increases, the intermolecular forces increase alongside it. However, if the polarity is the same between molecules, the intermolecular force is dependent upon the molar mass since compounds with higher molar masses are harder to rip apart, creating a larger intermolecular force, while lighter molecules are easily separated from the rest making the intermolecular forces small. For each of the alcohols, the polarity was the same (polar/nonpolar) which made it possible to see how intermolecular forces are affected by molar mass as well. For ethanol, the molar mass was 46.07 g/mol and for propanol, the molar mass was 60.10 g/mol. According to the data gathered in the experiment, propanol evaporated significantly slower than ethanol, with ethanol reaching temperatures just under 15℃ while propanol only reached a little over 25℃ during the minute trial. Since ethanol got colder than propanol in a much shorter time, it shows that ethanol gained more energy from breaking apart more easily. A similar event occurred between methanol and butanol with butanol having the larger molar mass at 74.12 g/mol compared to 32.04 g/mol. Butanol evaporated the slowest of all of the substances since it is polar/nonpolar and had one of the largest masses. Methanol on the other hand,

Show More
Related

Pennies And Calorimetry Lab Report

467 Words | 2 Pages

The constant variable is the amount of sodium hydroxide. Literature review A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are shared pairs and bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attraction and a repulsive force between atoms, when they share electrons is called covalent bonding.

Read More

Ap Chemistry Penny Lab

716 Words | 3 Pages

Our hypothesis was partially correct, the property changing substances did have the weakest coherency with the lowest drop counts of 23(carbonated), and 14(soap), and pure water did have the strongest bond. What we also found was the the salt also dampened the liquid’s ability to hold onto a penny in large volumes, as all the different salts had a drop average of 24(28x2 & 16), five less than Tap water’s drop count (30). This led us to conclude that pure water has the strongest bond and that all foreign materials weaken the coherency of water. This evidence has led me to believe that similar substances are attracted and are more coherent towards themselves, in this case the water pieces get separated and generally less connected on a really small level due to the obstruction of foreign objects, this is why the different salts perform better than the huge air bubbles or the slippery properties of soap since the latter is more obstructive and the former dissolves with the water and blocks less. When studying a few other groups’ conclusions and data we did indeed find differences: some groups had differing data where a solution had better coherence than water itself which led to differing conclusions.

Read More

Long Lab Report

979 Words | 4 Pages

Firstly, intermolecular forces and strengths of different chemical substances could be identified using valence shell electron pair repulsion shapes and prior knowledge of various kinds of intermolecular forces: London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, and Hydrogen bonding. Knowing this, Acetone was seen to possess London Dispersion and Dipole-Dipole forces. Propanol was seen to possess London Dispersion, Dip0le-Dipole forces, and Hydrogen Bonding. Acetic Acid was seen to possess Hydrogen Bonding and Dipole-Dipole forces. Overall,

Read More

Lab Report: Fractional Distillation And Gas Chromatography

1784 Words | 8 Pages

A temperature gradient is formed because the head of the system is now further from the flask. Factors that affect the temperature gradient include the rate of heating and vapor removal from the system’s stillhead. Upon heating, the vapor of compound A rises, reaching a distance at which it no longer has enough energy to maintain its gaseous form; at this point, the molecules re-enter the liquid state. This process of rising up, condensation, and revaporization eventually results in vapor comprising 100% of substance A. This process is then repeated at the boiling point of substance B. The efficiency of this process is reflected by the reflux ratio, which reveals how many condensate drops reenter the stillpot for every distillate drop

Read More

Tested Vapor Pressure, Viscosity, And Surface Tensions

447 Words | 2 Pages

The low vapor pressure is because it is was not completely evaporated like the propanal. The low viscosity is because it finished second behind the propanal when it slid down the paper. Lastly, the surface tension was low because it spread farther than the glycerin but not as far as the propanol. The intermolecular forces in water are stronger than propanol but still relatively weak.

Read More

Evaporation Experiment

1191 Words | 5 Pages

In this experiment the scientist will be testing different liquids to see if all liquids evaporate at the same rate. The scientist will have water, orange juice, nail polish remover, Coke, a small cooking pot, and a stove. The scientist will boil all of the liquids and measure which liquids evaporated the fastest. The science behind evaporation is when all of the molecules are rapidly in motion. Liquids evaporate due to heat, which makes the molecules in a liquid to move faster.

Read More

Absorptions: The Stoichiometry And Concentration Of Water

417 Words | 2 Pages

How well a liquid is able to absorb through capillary depends on its adhesion and cohesion. Adhesion occurs between water molecules, the molecule will magnetize to other molecules, such as paper towel. While cohesion is the attraction between identical particles, an example is water attracting to water. Cohesion and adhesion fundamentally determine a molecule's bond to other molecules.

Read More

Salt Independent Change Lab Report

175 Words | 1 Pages

In the graph above we can see that the dependent variable (amount of time) increases as the independent variable (quantity of salt) in increased. This is due to the reason that when salt is added to water it increases its boiling point, this process is an example of boiling point elevation, where the mixture will boil at a higher point than the pure solvent. When salt is added to water, sodium chloride (NaCI) separates into sodium (Na) and chlorine (CI). These positively and negatively charged ions modify the intermolecular forces of the water molecules. Each water molecule has one side more negatively charged (oxygen side) while the other side is more negatively charged (hydrogen side).This formation is called a dipole.

Read More

The Pros And Cons Of Hydrogen Bonds

1031 Words | 5 Pages

When a vast number of water molecules are mixing freely in the liquid form, the positive poles are attracted to the negative poles by what amounts to static electricity. This electrostatic attraction is termed a hydrogen bond. It is about 20 times weaker than the H – O bonds within any one water molecule, but still gives rise to considerable, transient adhesion, which packs the water molecules closely together in the liquid state. In contrast, as the temperature falls below about 4 ° C and ice begins to form, the hydrogen bonds between the molecules become longer lived.

Read More

Boiling Point In Intermolecular Science

1053 Words | 5 Pages

(2005) states that all molecules have different boiling points, this is due to the intermolecular forces between the atoms. Therefore, the more intense the intermolecular force is the higher the boiling point, and the lower intensity, the lower the boiling point. This paper aims to discusses the order of the boiling points of 3-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methylbutanal, 1-Hexanol and 1-Pentanol, examining the differences between them. (De Marco et al. 2014). Results Table 1.

Read More

Compare The Solubility Of Oils Fats And Detergents

1223 Words | 5 Pages

After mixing each with water, the hydrophilic ends kept with the water, while any dirt or grime was removed from the hydrophobic side, exemplifying the molecular benefits of these products. The intermolecular forces involved in these processes would be Dipole-Dipole (opposite charge attraction) and Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen molecules are covalently bonded to the electronegative

Read More

AP Chemistry Final Report

738 Words | 3 Pages

These intermolecular forces are London Dispersion Forces, dipole forces, hydrogen bondings, and ion-dipole forces. The weakest of these forces are London Dispersion Forces which are present in everything, especially our hearts and there are the strongest and most annoying ones, ion-dipole forces. Then we have kinetic molecular theory. One of the easiest things you could’ve possibly learned all year. The theory states firstly that there are no interactions between gas particles.

Read More

Ionic And Covalent Compounds Lab Report

902 Words | 4 Pages

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also

Read More

Properties Of Substances Lab Report

1038 Words | 5 Pages

Properties of Substances Express Lab 1)The purpose of this lab was to compare the physical properties of different types of solids and how the properties of solids are determined by their intermolecular forces and their intramolecular bonds. Then we were to classify each type of solid as either ionic, metallic, non-polar molecular, polar molecular, or network. Paraffin wax classified as a non-polar molecular, Silicon dioxide was classifies as a network, Sodium chloride was classified as ionic, Sucrose was classified as polar molecular and Tin was classified as metallic. (2)The intermolecular forces that are present in Paraffin wax are dispersion forces, because it is non-polar and carries a negative charge. Followed by Sucrose that has

Read More

Ionic Compounds Lab Report

878 Words | 4 Pages

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, definitions of each relating factor were researched, leading to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound is formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also categorized into two sections: polar covalent and nonpolar covalent. Furthermore, polar covalent compounds dissolve in water, while nonpolar covalent compounds do not.

Read More

More about Determining The Factors That Affect Evaporation Rates

Related Topics

Open Document