The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.
Danielle Pitter CHEM 137 Professor D’Amelia 3/1/17 Extraction of a Neutral Compound from Acid and Base Impurities Discussion: The diethyl ether solvent is nonpolar; therefore, based on the expression like dissolves like, other nonpolar molecules will dissolve in it. The 9-fluorenone is a nonpolar molecule; therefore, it will dissolve in the nonpolar diethyl ether. The benzoic acid has a polar carboxyl group; however, the ring is nonpolar. The nonpolar ring in the benzoic acid is what makes it soluble in the diethyl ether.
At noon on April 11th, 2016 my geology 101 lab class conducted a field study of two faults located on East Owens Ave (36.188378, -115.014308). The day was sunny with scattered clouds, but it had rained the day prior. These two faults are of particular importance due to their close proximity to surrounding neighborhoods. Our goal was to see how faults behave in the real world and draw conclusions on the public policy of Las Vegas concerning faults.
Our experiment was conducted in late January at Wet Beaver Creek. Wet Beaver Creek is located south of flagstaff in the Coconino National Forest. Wet beaver creek has an elevation if 1158 meters, with an average annual precipitation of 16.71 inches, and an average temperature range of 80.8 in July and 43.1 in December. Wet beaver creek features both Perennial and non-Perennial rivers, and is home to many species of trees including sycamore, Juniper, Cottonwood, Alder, Ash, and many more.
The purpose of this report is determine if sodium chloride is a viable option as a deicer on winter roads. To determine this, one must compare a multitude of factors. In this lab, the freezing point depression of water, enthalpy of dissolution, cost, and environmental impact will be discussed. A large factor in how effective a substance is as a deicer is it’s ability to decrease the freezing point of water. If the freezing point of water can be lowered, the outside temperature must be much colder to reach this new freezing point, resulting in less ice on the roads.
These results were worthwhile as it can be useful to assist high-intensity endurance athletes to maintain peak performance through hydration. In these events, liquids are not readily available so it is useful to know which liquid evaporates the slowest so that they can get the most out of a liquid, and hence the hydration out of that given drink, in this case, it is Salt Water. It's also useful to assist people when exploring deserts or hot countries like Australia. In hot climates, liquids evaporate faster as more energy is present. This experiment is useful for tourists, so that they know to stay hydrated and make sure they are always covered in any situation in the areas of hydration.
From developing medicines to understanding rare elements, the scientific method has been the used to perform experiments in a concise manner. The experiments may have varied through the centuries, but the act of creating and testing a hypothesis continues to stand as a pillar for the scientific method. The main purpose of this lab was to demonstrate the steps taken to use a hypothesis through testing 2.5% ferric chloride and its effect on seven different compounds.1 The results showed that 2.5% ferric chloride had a visible chemical reaction with compounds containing a phenol functional group. The chemical reaction was noted via a color change from a dark yellow to different shades of blue/purple.
Purpose: To determine whether certain changes in matter are chemical or physical and also to describe the changes through observation. Hypothesis: When mixing sugar with water, ethanol and hydrochloric acid, they are going to react and the baking soda mixed with them will also react and it is going to have a chemical change. The salt will also react to everything and iron would also react to everything except for water. Predicted Data: Sodium Chloride: Water 1 minute: Nothing will happen 10 minutes:
Introduction Physarum is a yellow colored single celled organism that holds a large amount of nuclei and can release tubes while it finds food (Costello, 2013). The physarum also enjoys cool damp areas that are wet where it feasts food such as dead matter, bacteria, and oat flakes (Miranda, 2013). Physarum’s growth can be affected by exposure to mold, light, and weather inclements. The physarum reacts to different types of stimuli which can also affect its growth. The physarum can be affected by sound, light, and electrical activity because of when it forages, it releases electrical activity that produces its reactions (Miranda, 2011).
For Experiment 9, the NaOH solution was standardized with the primary standard acid KHC8H4O4 in order to determine the molar concentration of the NaOH solution. As seen in Table 1, the known mass of KHC8H4O4 was 0.2037 g. The moles of KHC8H4O4, could then be calculated to get 9.97E-04 mol. Based on the balanced equation between the sodium hydroxide solution and primary standard acid, the mole ratio of 1:1 and the molar mass of NaOH was applied to calculate the molar concentration of NaOH, which was 5.42E-02 mol/L (Table 2). Since there was only one trial conducted for this part, the average molar concentration, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation calculations were not applicable.
Sodium does not appear by itself naturally, so it was important that Sir Humphry Davy figured out how to get sodium by itself. The salinity in the ocean is in large part to sodium chloride. A physical description of sodium chloride can be a white solid that has crystals in it. There is essentially no color to it, other than the white that appears to show up. The boiling point is 1465 degrees Celsius (2575 degrees Fahrenheit) and the melting point is 800.7 degrees Celsius (1474 degrees Fahrenheit).
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, definitions of each relating factor were researched, leading to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound is formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also categorized into two sections: polar covalent and nonpolar covalent. Furthermore, polar covalent compounds dissolve in water, while nonpolar covalent compounds do not.
The boiling point of saltwater is higher than pure water, so it takes longer for saltwater to reach its boiling point and for all the water to boil and evaporate completely. This phenomenon is known as boiling-point elevation.
Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.
In this research paper, I am going to investigate on how the concentration of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solution affects the volume of the gases (Oxygen gas and Chlorine gas) at the anode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. In my previous chemistry classes, I have learnt that concentration affects the majority of the gas produced at the anode. This made me wonder, how does the ratio of oxygen gas to chlorine gas produced at the anode vary at the electrodes. This made me formulate the research question: How does the concentration of Sodium Chloride solution affect the ratio of oxygen gas to chlorine gas produced at the anode during the electrolysis of Sodium Chloride solution? This area specifically interests me because it is still
