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Dna in criminal investigations research paper
Dna crime investigation
How dna helps solve crimes
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Michael Blair was convicted of kidnapping and strangling a young girl named Ashley Estell. Ashley was only seven years old when she disappeared from the park her and her family were attending. The state had three eyewitnesses, but none claimed to have seen Estell and Blair together at the Plano, Texas park. The disappearance occurred on September 4, 1993 and Michael Blair’s car was spotted by both police and city employees before he was called in for questioning which eventually lead to his conviction in 1994. There were many different reasons Michael Blair was wrongly convicted of the young girls death.
Alan Crotzer—DNA Exoneration In the United States, there have been a total of 321 DNA exonerations to date, with twenty of these exonerees having served time on death row (“The Innocence Project,” n.d.). Alan Crotzer was not one of these twenty, however he was sentenced to 130 years in prison for a crime that he didn’t commit. Charged and convicted of sexual battery, kidnapping, burglary, aggravated assault, robbery, and attempted robbery, it wasn’t until 24.5 years later, on January 23, 2006, that Crotzer was released from prison after post-conviction DNA testing proved his innocence (“The Innocence Project,” n.d.).
Wayne Williams was found guilty of the killing of two people. Even years after William’s still tries to persuade the idea of him being innocent. Just like fingerprints, hair analysis is following the same path. I think that DNA fingerprints will become bigger and more accurate of accusing killers, the use of hair analysis will decrease, but I do not think hair analysis should be taken away.
Eva Gail Peterson was raped and murdered on May 4th, 1979 in front of her four year old son. Phillip Bivens and two other men were wrongly accused of the crime and was convicted. The exoneration of Dixon, Bivens, and Ruffin was made possible through the lawyers of the innocence project, the fact that there was no evidence pointing to their involvement, and the advantage of DNA testing. The night of the murder Phillip Bivens had been on leave from a halfway house, where he was sent after stealing some beer from a store.
Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong In Brandon L. Garrett 's book, Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong, he makes it very clear how wrongful convictions occur and how these people have spent many years in prison for crimes they never committed. Garrett presents 250 cases of innocent people who were convicted wrongfully because the prosecutors opposed testing the DNA of those convicted. Garrett provided simple statistics such as graphs, percentages, and charts to help the reader understand just how great of an impact this was.
He claimed he was working at a bar filled with customers when the crime was committed. With all of his alibies, he was still charged with a crime he didn’t commit all because they found bite marks on the little girl’s wrist that seemed to match up with him. He was later released from prison when the true murdered was caught. Is DNA a reliable forensic tool?
Statement of the Problem DNA has become a vital part of criminal investigations. DNA can include and exclude suspects of criminal investigations. During a criminal investigation, all DNA should be collected, properly preserved and tested, but at times this does not occur or the technology was not available for this process to occur. In addition, DNA has become an imperative portion of exoneration cases.
In the lab report three students are tested along with one suspect. Student number two’s DNA matched the suspects DNA. The student’s DNA’s are cut with five different enzymes as well as the suspects DNA. Student two’s DNA matched exactly with the suspects DNA; the other two student’s DNA did not resemble the suspects DNA at all. (Choi, et al, 2008) DNA fingerprinting is used a lot in determining who committed a crime.
In King, Justice Kennedy referred to the invention of DNA technology as “one of the most significant scientific advancements of our era.” This statement has been criticized, but the impact of DNA technology has been significant. Currently, forensic analysts can use “junk” DNA to identify a person with near certainty. Law enforcement can collect a person’s DNA through saliva. The sample is then uploaded to CODIS, a national network of DNA databases.
Part One is very informational and contains the bulk of the book’s research. The information was presented in a thesis format; Loftus stated a claim and then supported her ideas with research and quotations from experts in the field of law and memory. Part One is helpful for psychologists, attorneys, and interested law people. The major principles concerning the errors in eyewitness testimony are supported by research and are accepted by psychologists (Kassin, Ellsworth, & Smith, 1989). Part One will contribute to the future of psychology by showcasing how the memory works and the different ways it is manipulated and changed: this will allow jurors and lawyers to become more wary when dealing with a traumatized
The creation of Blood Spatter Analyst has changed the perspective all crime scenes which are intensely solved in a completely new direction. It is the examination of shapes, distribution patterns and location of the bloodstain in order to find the real image which was created in the crime scene. All bloodstains and bloodstain patterns are evaluated by the force they were originally created. ( http://www.bloodspatter.com/bloodstain-tutorial). There has been a vast change and growing environment for the bloodstain spatters as there work now is recognized and appreciated within the law enforcement and the court officials.
Compelling Evidence In today’s society, high-tech gadgets and the media have given the impression the essential necessity for forensic evidence in order to convict. Once in a while, cases like the Laci Peterson murder come along with little forensic evidence but a whole lot of circumstantial evidence and motive. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss the forensic evidence discovered that led to the conviction and death sentencing of Laci’s husband, Scott Peterson.
● It can be used to determine if a person is guilty or not. The evidence from forensic can be enough to put a person into prison. ● It can be used to solve old unsolved cases if there is still DNA available from that case. ● Help identify victims in big disasters where the body of the person can not physically be easily
This DNA sample was tested to determine if the DNA left on Mary Sullivan was a match. This proved to not be a match. This shows some suspicion to the final verdict of the
DNA in forensic science The majority of cells making up the human body are diploid cells carrying identical DNA, with the exception of haploid gametes and red blood cells. Several types of biological evidence such as blood and hair are commonly used in forensic science, which is the scientific study of evidence for crime scene investigations and other legal matters. Forensic science is used for the purpose of DNA analysis, this is the analysis of DNA samples to determine if it came from a particular individual. DNA analysis is done by obtaining DNA samples from an individual; next, a large sample of DNA is produced from amplified selected sequences from the DNA collected.