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Polyploidy Advantages And Disadvantages

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Introduction Polyploidy is an inherited condition whereby the organism possesses more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes. It is common amongst plants and some fish and amphibians. Advantages of polyploidy include the fact that they are able to use their genes function in other ways that are not necessarily needed in non-polyploidy organisms which allows them to evolve in many different ways. Another way is by disrupting certain self-incompatibility systems, thereby allowing self-fertilization. However there are disadvantages to it as well, such as being problematic for meiosis and mitosis. An investigation has been conducted to prove that polyploidy plants are able withstand harsher conditions and therefore are able to survive for a longer period. Literature research …show more content…

Polyploidy clones have been developed during the process of crop domestication. Polyploidy plants generated by evolutionary processes and/or crop domestication have been the intentional focus of research dealing with the dynamics and consequences of plant evolution. Polyploidy plants are also used in functional genetic material research to study gene expression in a complex genetic material background. Implications on plant sciences including evolution, functional genetic material, and plant breeding are presented. Polyploidy will be a focus of genetic material research in the future as rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology create opportunities for discovering and monitoring genetic material and transcriptomic

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The sister chromatids line up alone the equatorial line. During anaphase II, each sister chromatid begins to move to its respective pole thus the pairs begin to separate. In telophase II, the sister chromatids reach their respective poles. Cytokinesis takes place, and the nuclear envelope becomes visible, resulting in four haploid

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During random fertilization, no gamete has a greater chance than the other with fusing together in sperm and zygote fusion. These processes contribute to the production of genetic variety because of the many opportunities of unique combinations, unlike the process of mitosis, in which identical daughter cells are always the

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Plants are the most amazing environmental species, that have been around for millions of years. Most plants live from water and the sun’s energy, but some plants can tolerate saltwater. Two articles will be using charts, graphs, and pictures to find out which plants can tolerate saltwater. In the end only some plants with survive, while other will perish from this experiment.

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The haploid spores are produced in a sporangium. Each spore divides mitotically to produce a heart-shaped gametophyte. Male and female parts are developed on the same plant. Gametophyte is small in size and can photosynthesize. In order for the fertilization to take place, enough water should be available so that the sperm may swim to archegonia and fertilize the eggs.

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Introduction: This lab report outlines an experiment on the observation of mitosis in the cells of garlic root tips. Mitosis simply put is the division of a nucleus producing two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Miotic cell division consists of five stages: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. The purpose of this experimet was to identify and observe cells within each stage of mitosis using garlic root tip cells.

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After reading through and reviewing the articles, one can see that there is a clear trend in the research being done that shows predominantly negative impacts selective breeding has on dogs. Health in selectively bred dogs is the top concern when dealing with ethics, due to the fact that in many cases lives are cut short and the quality of life is viewed as, to many, not worth living, which is seen as unfair to the dogs in an ethical viewpoint. From dog show judges to veterinarians, there are many known diseases in dogs that is the product of selective breeding, and although there have been attempt to fix these errors, the topic is still ongoing as hip dysplasia, breathing issues, and cardiac problems are still prevalent in certain purebreds.

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Epigenetics is any altering gene activity that does not change DNA arrangement that may be passed down through offsprings. While researching and investigating more on this topic, according to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392256/, the Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) states, “Epigenetic processes are natural and essential to many organism functions, but if they occur improperly, there can be major adverse health and behavioral effects.” In addition to that, in the website http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/13-grandmas-experiences-leave-epigenetic-mark-on-your-genes according to Discovery magazine, Geneticists were especially surprised to find that epigenetic change could be passed down from parent to child, one generation

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Whilst it is very successful at this, and is in most cases necessary to the plant, the very mechanism by which it reproduces (mitosis) does not result in much genetic variation. Should an environmental change come along for which the species is not adapted, it is likely that it will be wiped out entirely. This is because none of the individuals have developed any mutations or genetic adaptations that allow them to survive in that

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Introduction Plants are a major necessity in the balance of nature, people’s lives, and our terrain. We may not realize it, but plants are the ultimate source of food for almost 95% of the world population so says the National Group of Food. It’s a fact that over 7,000 species of plants are being consumed today. Plants are one of the reasons that we get clean water; as they help regulate the water cycle.

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