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Dreaming Research Papers

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Introduction: Dreaming occurs during everyone’s night sleep and incorporates interpretation of recent experiences, flushes out the excess knowledge, and does everything in between. To completely comprehend dreaming, there needs to be a deep understanding of the history, stages of sleep, and psychology behind dreaming, as well as how it benefits you. Many tests have been done to find the reason for dreaming and the physiological purpose behind it, but it seems there is still a long way to go.
History:
“Dreaming is a universal experience, one that individuals may attempt to induce or avoid, remember or forget” (Tedlock, 1987). Since the beginning of time, dreaming has been an experience shared by everyone. Multiple theorists and philosophers …show more content…

The first stage of sleep occurs when you first doze off, which involves an increase of activity on the visual cortex. The second stage of sleep is when the eyes stop moving at all, and the brain waves become slower. By the third stage of sleep, the brain waves have decreased immensely, and there are few quick waves known as spindles. In stage four, there are almost exclusively delta waves, slow waves, and you are considered to be in your deepest sleep (Crean, 2014). The first four stages of sleep usually occur in the first half of the night, while the second half is mostly rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. “REM sleep is associated with intense neural activity, ocular saccades, muscular [relaxation] and dreaming” (Maquet, P. et al, 1996). So much goes into the science behind REM sleep that there may still be more to discover. A study was done to investigate the memory of REM sleep. Prior investigations showed a positive correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and REM sleep. There is also a positive correlation between REM sleep and the amygdala and cortical areas. All of this combined gives one the ability to remember dreams to a certain degree (Maquet, P. et al, 1996). In another study, it was found that about eighty percent of individuals woken up during REM sleep could report detailed dreams that incorporated one or more of the five aspects of dreaming given earlier (Hobson, 1988). There is a report of ninety-five percent of individuals remember dreams vividly when woken up during a cluster of eye movement, which is recorded by an electroencephalography (EEG) (Hobson, 1988). A full cycle of sleep, from stage one to REM sleep, takes an average of ninety minutes to complete. Even of you get more than the recommended amount of sleep per night, you could feel tired if your alarm wakes up in the middle of a sleep cycle. So ensure you make it through a full sleep cycle,

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PBS’s, Nova What Are Dreams, is a forty-five-minute documentary about how different stages of sleep effect our dreams. Throughout the documentary, we also witness how dreaming is essential for making sense of the world around us. For nearly a century, many thought when one is asleep the brain is asleep as well. Yet not until technology advanced, did scientists begin examining sleeping patients to notice every ninety minutes their patients brain showed activity as if they were awake but were still unconscious.

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If asked how is a person’s lifetime spent, numerous people would think of the times devoted to family. They may reflect of the years of gaining an education, or attempting to find a soulmate to spend the rest of their life with. However, we rarely consider the time we spend preparing our body to continue living our lives. Oddly enough, the time we allow our body to recuperate, through sleeping, is where we spend more than a third of our lifetime; this is equivalent to approximately twenty five years cycling through the stages of sleep, yet at some point in time we all have been deprived of some essential hours of shut eye (Altevogt and Harvey). Therefore, people, in today’s society, often complain of being constantly tired, yet many do not understand the stages of sleep and common problems that accompany it.

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Do dreams have an evolutionary function? In this essay I will discuss Flanagan’s reasons for believing consciousness is an adaptation, I also will discuss why sleep is an adaptation and his stance on dreams being spandrels. And I will end with my opinion on why dreams may or may not be significant based on Flanagan’s theory and the treat simulation theory. I will also discuss the reasons why or why not dreams may have an evolutionary function.

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Introduction Attention Getter: Sleep is essential, especially around us college students who spend each night staying awake to do projects we should of started weeks ago. Purpose: Well, now you can have a good rested night with these new tips and tricks!

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Sleepless in American is a National Geographic documentary on the lack of sleep Americans are receiving each night. The film starts with the statistic that “40% of American adults are sleep deprived” and followed with different effects of sleep deprivation such as: weight gain, delayed reaction time, depression, anxiety, speeds the growth of cancer, and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Although, there is no scientific evidence to support the need for sleep, it is an important process that allows our bodies to function properly. Several sleep studies have been performed to understand the effects sleep deprivation has on a person. The participants of the sleep trial only received four hours of sleep per night.

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1252 Words | 6 Pages

Hobson, J. Allan. Dreaming: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford Univ, 2011. Print.

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These stages are stage one non-REM sleep, stage two non-REM sleep, stage three non-REM sleep, and REM sleep. “Each is linked to specific brain waves and neuronal activity.” When we first start to doze off we enter stage one non-REM sleep. This stage lasts five to ten minutes and sleep during this stage is relatively light. During this time our heartbeat, breathing, and eye movements decrease.

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1804 Words | 8 Pages

The darkness of night unveils the hidden cove of possibilities that awaits us in sleep. For some, sleep provides the much needed distraction and replenishment needed to perform our daily routines. As we curl up under the security of our favorite blanket, snuggle against the fluffiness that is our pillow, and as we slowly begin to shut our eyes, we succumb to the beauty that is sleep. Without hesitation we accept and welcome our nightly slumber. We don’t question our vulnerable state as we lay down in bed.

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The “why we dream argument see dreams as only nonsense that the brain creates from fragments of images and memory” (Obringer). On this side of the argument dreams are viewed as tricks of the mind that just seem to happen. Other people believe differently. Some people believe dreams have meaning even if we don’t recognize it at first. “Many think dreams are full of symbolic messages that may not be clear to us on the surface” (Obringer).

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1192 Words | 5 Pages

That’s correct, sleep isn’t just sleep from the moment you fall asleep to the time you wake up. In between, you go through four different stages, all of which are important, yet some of which have a crucial role in regenerative sleep. During the night, your body will cycle through the following stages: The stage of sleep What happens during this stage? N1 You feel almost half asleep during this stage and it’s the moment where you are still somewhat aware of your surroundings, but when you start slowly losing this awareness. Often during N1, your body can make involuntary movements and you might feel your legs or arms jerking and twitching.

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Here, is where most of our dreams occur and is where all our arm and leg muscles become paralyzed to prevent us from reenacting our dreams; not only this but brain activity flourishes (“sleep”,n.d). While this does not directly affect why individuals should sleep more, the amount you increase or restrict daily hrs, does. With such vital processes and stages occuring while sleeping, it comes as no surprise that affecting the number of yours you sleep directly affects your health, both for positive and for negative. It also lies here where the major benefits of sleeping more take place

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1588 Words | 7 Pages

The brain becomes aware and tries to wake itself up (“Sleep

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First of all, I’d like to explain briefly how sleep works, then I’ll tell you the effects of not sleeping at all and finally, I’ll give you some advice that may help to improve the quality of our sleep. Probably most of you have stayed up all night at least once in your life, owing to several possible reasons, such as that crazy party on your first years of university, or that awful night working against the clock before the submission deadline, or maybe when your babies wouldn’t stop crying all night. And it wouldn’t be unlikely that you hadn’t had time to get a proper sleep the next morning since you had to go to work or to class or wherever. Then you were bond to face this tricky dilemma:

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