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Dual Segregation Theory

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VERBAL IMAGERY

ABSTRACT

The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of word length and presence or absence of visual cues on memory. It was conducted to see whether the presence or absence of visual cues leads to better remembrance of the words presented to the participant. Also the length of the words was taken into consideration to test the memory of the words shown to the participant. This experiment was conducted on 82 participants wherein they were presented with four tasks. Each participant was exposed to long words and short words with visual cues in first and second task respectively and long and short words without visual cues in third and fourth task respectively. After each task they were given a recall test and they …show more content…

Another study conducted by Ian Neath, James S. Nairne in 1995 found that memory is worse for items that take longer to pronounce, even when the items are equated for frequency, number of syllables, and number of phonemes.

Dual coding hypothesis: One of the first explanations of the picture superiority effect was in terms of Allan Paivio 's (1971, 1976) dual coding theory. In this view, pictures are more likely than words to be encoded in both verbal and image representations, thereby increasing the probability of later retrieval. Dual coding theory is supported by the finding that participants are more likely to spontaneously name pictures than they are to image verbal stimuli. Thus Paivio stated that pictures are encoded in the memory both verbally and visually.

Mayer and Anderson(1991) performed an experiment in which one group of participants were presented words-with-pictures condition and another group of participants were presented words-before-pictures condition in which the participants with words-with-pictures condition performed better than participants presented with words-before-pictures …show more content…

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The statistics used in analyzing the data is two-way repeated measures ANOVA with word length (short v/s long) and visual cues (present v/s absent) as within subjects factors.

PROCEDURE:
Participant was greeted and welcomed to the laboratory by the experimenter and asked to sit comfortably on a chair, facing a computer screen. The participant was then asked to read the consent form which informs them about what to expect throughout the experiment, generally and is made to know that there are no known risks involved in participation. After signing the consent form, the participant was given specific instructions regarding the task. The participant was exposed to four different conditions. They are as follows:
1. Condition A (i): Short word stimuli with no visual cues.
2. Condition A(ii): Long word stimuli with no visual cues.
3. Condition B (i): Long word stimuli with some visual cue present.
4. Condition B(ii): Short word stimuli with some visual cue

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