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1906 Earthquakes Report

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How the Science of earthquakes was started in North America after the California Earthquake of 1906
The California earthquake of April 18, 1906 is one of the most significant earth quakes of all time. The 7.9 magnitude earthquake ruptured the northernmost 477 kilometers of the San Andreas Fault from the northwest of San Juan Bautista to the triple Junction of Cape Mendocino. The earthquake caused severe damage with reports indicating that it caused more than 3,000 deaths and destroyed more than 28,000 buildings (Borcherdt, & Gibbs, 1976).
The earth quake allowed planners to create a new and better city; the earthquake destroyed many buildings and in the process created room for development of a better city and new towns around San Francisco. …show more content…

This investigation developed the first comprehensive post-earthquake investigations. This investigation was chaired by Andrew Lawson among other geologists. This report offers a comprehensive understanding about the fields of geology, geodesy and seismology.
The report also revealed the magnitude of damage within San Francisco and evidence of similar earthquakes in the past. The report also revealed the reason behind earthquake reoccurrence in the areas.
The 1906 earthquake and the Lawson report indicated the importance of accurate, widespread and repeated observation of earthquakes and the faults on which the occur. This report led to understanding of earthquakes in the region. In addition, this report led to understanding of when the San Andreas is expected to experience another earthquake.
Although the report released by Lawson provided insight about earthquake occurrence, it cannot help scientists and geologists to accurately predict when the next earthquake will occur. However, with advanced monitoring systems and computing power may help in better preparation of future earthquakes. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake brought geologists and scientists together and led to an understanding of earthquakes; how they occur, why they occur and how the world can prevent and manage such disasters in …show more content…

D., & Gibbs, J. F. (1976). Effects of local geological conditions in the San Francisco Bay region on ground motions and the intensities of the 1906 earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 66(2), 467-500.
Shostak, N. C. (2009). Intensity of the 18 April 1906 earthquake in and near San José, California. San Jose State University.

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Question Set 7 A) What types of methods and tools are used to measure, document and analyze ancient fault activity along the San Andreas Fault and its associated faults? For example, how do geologists determine how long a fault has been active, how often it ruptures, its relative offset motion, and how much offset? Note that the term "ancient" means fault activity that occurred thousands to millions of years ago - long before seismologists were around. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale: Measures the intensity of an earthquake Richter Scale: Used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake (Tarbuck, 2013)

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San Juan Bautista was named in honor of St John Baptist, also known as the mission of music because of the beautiful piano music that was played there. No one knew that San Juan Bautista mission was located in the San Andreas Fault, it became known after the mission was built. Even after it was known that the mission was located in a dangerous location because of the tremors, nobody did anything about it. In October of 1798, there was a huge shaking of the earth (earthquake), that caused huge cracks to the buildings, there were about five tremors per day but even then, the mission survived the quakes. The missionaries’ had to sleep outside for a whole month because of the shakings and even thought the shakes caused damages, the mission was never moved from its original

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“Comprehending the Calamity” by Emma Burke and “Horrific Wreck of the City” by Fred Hewitt are two historical articles that both describe the destruction of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906 and how it affected the people. Hewitt says on page 1, “No pen can record the sufferings of those who were crushed to death or buried in the ruins that encompassed them in an instant after 5:13 o’clock Wednesday morning.” Likewise, Emma Burke says on page 2, “The fallen chimneys had torn through the ceilings into two of our rooms; the flat tin roof had thus been bent down, and now acted as a funnel. We heard an ominous drip, drip, and then a steady splash.” These pieces of evidence show both of the authors believe that this horrible earthquake destructed the city of San Francisco.

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But people have similar and different views and opinions on this earthquake, and that is seen “Comprehending the Calamity” by Emma Burke and in Fred Hewitt’s “Horrific Wreck of the City”. In 1906, the San Francisco earthquake struck a little after five in the morning. The earthquake, at a magnitude of 7.8, shook and destroyed buildings. At least 250,000 people were homeless, and many camped out in a park. But that wasn't all.

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The text asserts that there were no sweeping fires to blame, only the earthquake. This event led to the first major legislative initiative in California to recognize seismic issues: the Field Act of 1933. Steinberg contends that although this was a step in the right direction, seismic enlightenment was still difficult. The author notes that regardless of awareness, many built in areas vulnerable to harmful seismic activity (i.e. near fault lines). The author also states that California is not the only area prone to earthquakes and that typically the poor suffer more from these events wherever they happen.

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However, some strides are being made to better prepare for earthquakes and tsunamis. As of this year, the Pacific Northwest’s warning system for earthquakes is getting its first public test. The Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) was introduced during a workshop in February as a potential emergency planning and response system. Now it is going to be introduced to the public in preparations for any upcoming earthquakes. Similar systems are used around the globe and been proven to be extremely effective.

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In San Francisco on April 18, 1906 at about 5:13 am a HUGE earthquake hit recorded as a 7.7-7.9 . Damaging buildings from left to right. Many poorly structured buildings collapsed causing 500 million dollars in total damage (1906 money) translated to about 8.2 billion dollars today. It was recorded that most buildings immediately caught fire which trapped the victims, about 25,000 buildings were burnt down from the fire, a total of about 490 blocks.

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"Chapter 14. GEOHAZARDS: Volcanoes and Earthquakes." Living Physical Geography. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2015. 445-57. Print.

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Personal interview. 11 Sep. 2017. Montgomery, David R. “Effects of the Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989, San Francisco Bay Area.” Effects of the Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989, San Francisco Bay Area, University of California, Berkeley, 2010, www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes. Web.

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However, peculiarities of the lithosphere of the city can scare the newcomer. The city of San Francisco is in a high seismic activity zone, as very close are faults the San - Andreas (along the San Francisco Peninsula) and Hayward (on the eastern side of the bay). Small tremors come here often enough, but twice throughout its history (1906 and 1989) the city suffered the earthquake damage. The territory of San Francisco is a difficult terrain, as it has about fifty hills.

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It was assigned a magnitude of 9.5 by the United States Geological Survey. It is referred to as the “Great Chilean Earthquake” and the “1960 Valdivia Earthquake.” Other earthquakes in recorded history may have been larger;however, this is the largest earthquake that has occurred since accurate estimates of magnitude became possible in the early 1900’s (“The Great Chilean Earthquake”). Earthquakes are very dangerous, and if you live in an earthquake bound area, you always need to be prepared for destruction. The San Andreas is 800 miles long and a myth about it is that one day half of California will break off into the ocean, some believe it, others

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The article “Chances of Earthquake Hitting L.A. Area Soon: Like, for Sure” by Tia Ghose is about the probability of an earthquake in Los Angeles. The greater Los Angeles area has a 99.9 percent chance of having an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 or greater in the next two and a half years according to a study published september 30 in the journal Earth and Space Science. One fact I learned while reading this article is that there was a magnitude 5.1 earthquake that struck La Habra, California in 2014 that resulted in $12 million in damages. Another fact I learned while reading this article, is that there is an instrument called the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) that detects teeny shifts in the Earth's surface as

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According to the Wikipedia article "1960 Valdivia earthquake. ",another social

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The problem is that scientists didn 't know how earthquakes and faults had anything to do with each other until after the San Francisco earthquake on April 17,1906. Since then scientist have move past that. Being able to predict earthquakes would benifits citizens and their cities tremendously! The issue is that they are simply educated guesses, nothing certain.

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It is still impossible for scientists to predict when and where an earthquake will happen exactly although there is progress used to estimate the probability of future

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