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Emile Durkheim Theory

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I. Summary of the theory The Division of Labor in Society is a book written, originally in French, by Emile Durkheim in 1893. It was Durkheim’s first major published work and the one in which he introduced the concept of anomie or the breakdown of the influence of social norms on individuals within a society. At the time, The Division of Labor in Society was influential in advancing sociological theories and thought. In The Division of Labor in Society, Durkheim discusses how the division of labor is beneficial for society because it increases the reproductive capacity, the skill of the workman, and it creates a feeling of solidarity between people. The division of labor goes beyond economic interests, it also establishes …show more content…

Each individual must have a distinct job or action and a personality that is his or her own. Individuality grows as parts of society grow. Thus, society becomes more efficient at moving in sync, yet at the same time, each of its parts has more movements that are distinctly its own. B. Supporting Ideas/Talking Points According to Durkheim, the more primitive a society is, the more it is characterized by mechanical solidarity. The members of that society are more likely to resemble each other and share the same beliefs and morals. As societies becomes more advanced and civilized, the individual members of those societies start to become more unique and distinguishable from each other. Solidarity becomes more organic as these societies develop their divisions of labor. The way to measure mechanical solidarity is through repressive law. These laws are based on punishment for a violation of the collective consciousness of a society. Crime is created by society in regards to their collective consciousness. Punishment aims to reaffirm the collective consciousness. The role of the state is to defend and embody the collective consciousness. The state ensures that punishment is public, passionate, and …show more content…

However it will limit my thoughts and abilities because if I go against the opinion of someone the punishment is more severe, because they may think of it as an act of deviance against the whole group. It’s like not having a say or own opinion for any matter at all. It actually reminds me of the book Divergent whereas the lead female character is part of a faction, she’s happy about it since her family and friends are in it but still she feels like she’s being kept from the real word that’s why during the initiation she chooses to leave her own

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While Durkheim calls modern society a disconnective collectiveness conscience, because everyone depends on themselves. Durkheim called the progress from traditional to modern society a “natural evolutionary progression.” He

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Where everyone is depending on individuals this is the driving force of modern society and there are rules that need to be followed to create order. The link to organic solidarity is connected to the division of labor and helps find solution to the struggle of anomie. This is a society that has many different kinds of perspective per individuals and creates a self-center environment for everyone. Durkheim’s thoughts were to collect the rights ideas in controlling human needs because the laws would be either to strict or to relaxed and this would create the process of anomie. He also mentioned that the strict rules would be the start problems because of forced division of labor that would happen when the lower classes were unhappy with the positions they were put into.

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Division of labor started a long time ago, even before The Agricultural Revolution begin. In the first human groups which were homo neanderthalensis, division of labor was present since men went hunting while women and elders stayed with the group, cooking and looking after children. Although division of labor was present, it depended on age and gender rather than specialties which certainly made community life easier, but not enough. Division of labor according to specialties started in the 18th century, with The Agricultural Revolution and it has been an indispensable part of society and economy ever since. When the revolution began, food surplus occurred and this led to an increase in populations, resulting in the formation of guilds, which are people or a group of people specialized in one particular subject.

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Emile Durkheim thought that society was multifaceted system of consistent and co-dependent parts that work together to maintain stability. One important thing that Durkheim believed held society together was social facts. He thought that social facts consisted of feeling, acting, and thinking externally from the person and coercive power over that person. These things could include social institutions, rules, values, and norms. They have control over an individual’s life.

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In their theories both highlight the division of labour and alienation as methods and results of maintaining control within a capitalist society. Durkheim coined the term social facts to describe the external and internal forces that habilitate individuals within a society. “….” . Social facts include values, cultural norms, and social structures comprise those sources that

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Max Weber stated in his view concerning society that the willingness to adopt the latest technology is a strong indicator of how rationalized a society is. Indeed, we can see this here in Belize, as for many companies are innovating their businesses or systems to make them technological-advanced. Clear examples are the banks where we can see that they now offer online banking which makes it a lot easier for customers to make their transactions. Emile Durkheim on the other hand, stated that society has a life of its own and has an objective reality, beyond our own subjective perceptions of the world, that is, norms, values, religious beliefs and rituals which have power to guide our thoughts and actions. I also agree with this view since we can this see in the Belizean society.

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Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) and Max Weber (1864-1920) are widely considered as two of the “founding fathers” of sociology. They are important for their contribution to understanding society. A great deal of their contributions have had a lasting impact into how sociological studies are conducted. The difference between these two sociologist is their theoretical perspectives. Unlike Weber who belonged to the interpretive perspective, Durkheim belonged to the functionalist perspective.

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He thus believes that while studying sociology we should try to interpret the actions of the individuals and the purpose and meaning that these individuals attach to their actions in order to understand society and its institutions. Durkheim on the other hand was a positivist and in the first line of his book, The Division of Labor, itself he makes it clear that “This book is above all an attempt to treat the facts of moral life according to the methods of the positive science” (Durkheim xxv). He did not want to “deduce morality from science, but to constitute the science of morality” (Durkheim xxv). This is the basic and the most significant procedural difference between Durkheim and Weber which we will now further

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Emile Durkheim’s theories on social solidarity have been leading the debate on the effects of a shift between two types of solidarity for decades. Solidarity can be seen as the bonding force that hold our societies together. One type of solidarity is mechanical solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is a society that functions as a collective, like a machine, with the same goals, dreams and fears that are driven by the ideals of a god or religious figure. In the modern world we have transitioned into organic solidarity.

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