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Environmental Consequences Of The Industrial Revolution In The 19th Century

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The revolution was a cultural eventuality that influenced people’s lives in many different aspects, scientific advancements and technological innovations led to the rise of Industries and mass production, it also inspired pioneers and brought us inventions like the telegraph and the telephone during the 19th century , but every phenomenon has its positive and negative outcomes. There were many consequences from the period of the industrial revolution which resulted in detrimental impacts to the environment of these expanding cities. In the essay I am going to discuss the significant impact’s that the industrial revolution had on cities and urban expansions which caused various environmental problems, I am also going to attempt to explain and elaborate on how planners and designers took different initiatives to “reform” and “improve” the industrial city through the medium of public landscapes.
During the early 19th century the industrial revolution created countless job opportunities and demand for employment was at its optimum. Naturally man has always been accustomed to move …show more content…

Alexis de Tocqueville, a French traveller and writer, visited Manchester in 1835 and commented on the environmental hazards. “From this foul drain the greatest stream of human industry flows out to fertilise the whole world. From this filthy sewer, gold flows. Here humanity attains its most complete development, and it’s brutish; here civilisation works its miracles and civilised man is turned back almost into a savage.”(4) He talks about the industries and its appalling working condition and yet its production benefits the whole world, where the industrialists become wealthier and workers tend to live in terrible and disastrous states, which he refers them as savages(4) because of the polluted environments with in those working class

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Manchester is described as an ugly city that has no beauty and is so filthy and foul it can turn a good man into a savage[doc 2&5].One person questions if the progress was worth the physical suffering [doc 7]. Document 11 shows a painting from The Graphic of the horrible pollution in Manchester where the peasants live. Even though there were negative reactions there was also positive reactions. Many of the nobles agreed that the working conditions improved over the years[doc 10]. Some however, agreed that it should not matter how working conditions are because the peasants have always lived terrible lives[doc 3].Others who do not agree with the others agreed that Manchester was truly beautiful because of the tremendous growth of industry[doc 9].

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Not only did their complaints raise wages and decrease working hours, they also eventually advanced medical care, increased literacy rates in the city, and made the city more sanitary. This resulted in healthier, happier people who lived longer and prospered. Not only did people become healthier, the children that they had were also healthier at birth, making it so parents didn’t need to have as many children in fear that some would die at a young age. Overall, Manchester vastly improved as a city throughout the 18th and 19th century; reforms were made, people became happier, and education spread throughout the city, but not before workers protested and died young because of their working and living conditions. The story of Manchester truly proves that in order to improved, you must first experience the lowest point; without the low point, you can never truly understand or experience

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It was filthy; chockful of human waste, smoke, and sickness. Robert Southey, an English Romantic poet, wrote after witnessing Manchester’s decline, that industrialization led Manchester to become a place where one only hears, “the everlasting din of machinery, and where; when the bell rings, it is to call the wretches to their work instead of their prayers” (Document #1). It is true that as people moved away from their home churches and to the cities, church attendance declined. The duty of work became constant and life was miserable for many of the working class. Southey, as a romantic, is expectedly biased against industrialization because of the romantic nostalgia and sentimentalism towards the past.

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As industrialization swept through England and hit upon Manchester, the city experienced exponential growth as formerly rural workers flocked to the city to seek employment in the new factories. This brought significant growth of the city in terms of population, infrastructure, and economy. However, the expansion witnessed by Manchester was not without its issues. As a result of this period of heightened expansion, it may have been true that the economy and infrastructure grew, but what grew was of a poor nature, with the streets narrow and crowded, the buildings produced en masse, and the living conditions generally poor in terms of health, food, and at times, money. Furthermore, the city became greatly polluted, exacerbating issues of health.

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As the Industrial Revolution came about in the early 1800’s and it had a big impact on not only how people lived, but how long people lived. From the British Medical Journal, The Lancet, the life expectancy of a professional was only to the age of 38, it was 20 years old for a person of the middle class or an average person, and for a laborer in the factories the life expectancy was about 17 years old. (Doc. 8) The reason for terrible numbers is all of the pollution in the air and water throughout the city. From The Graphic magazine, the picture shows the view from the Blackfriars bridge over the River Irwell.

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