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Erick Erickson's Attachment Theory

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Attachment Theory states that a strong emotional and physical attachment to at least one primary caregiver is critical to personal development (Dun, Craig p.136). Having a strong attachment to the primary caregiver provides a sense of security and a solid foundation for the child. This theory is the stepping stone to Erick Erickson’s second stage of psychosocial development. During this phase, autonomy vs shame and doubt, a child will have the natural tendency to branch out from the primary caregiver. Children, if permitted to, will develop their own desires, abilities and self-esteem, ideas and thoughts through autonomy. Toddlers in general will want to do things for themselves without help or interference from other people, primarily from …show more content…

A parent should child-proofs their home as they will offer their child the ability to partake freedom and administer safe practices at the same time for their child to explore his or hers environment, thus stimulate the proper development of autonomy. The potential strength of a child is acquired on successful determination, at this stage is the determination to exercise free will while facing his or hers failures, as well as shame and doubt. (Gonzalez-Mena & Eyer, …show more content…

On the other hand, if a child is harshly discouraged for their actions, in this case accidents, then they may develop unhealthy doubts about themselves and potentially question their own abilities, and possibly hinder the capability to tackle new challenges (Gonzalez-Mena & Eyer, 2004). This is a very critical and sensitive period for a child, the outcomes of this stage will eventually influence their future behaviors towards the primary caregiver and self-esteem. Balance between the, parent(s) and child, is a quite difficult

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the best way to support a child to manage risks themselves is to let the child take appropriate responsibility for safety decisions in a controlled environment. Increase the levels of risk as the child grows and matures. Support and help parents to encourage their children to manage risks for themselves. You must also be aware of children who are timid and who are reluctant to take risks and help them to develop their skills but most children have an inbuilt level of

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It is important for a child to develop his own outlook on the world and not base his perspective off the narrow view a helicopter parent would fabricate. When one transcends childhood and enters adulthood they must be reliant on their own summation of knowledge to succeed and not be dependent on their parents (looking after

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According to the behavioural approach and attachment theory, Shaver et al suggested that romantic love in adulthood is an integration of three behavioural systems acquired in infancy: attachment, caregiving, and sexuality systems. Attachment systems are related to Bowlby’s Internal Working Model (IWM). He suggested that early adult relationships were a continuation of early attachment styles (secure or insecure), because the behaviour of the infants primary caregiver (PCG) promotes and IWM of relationships, leading infants to expect the same in future adult relationships. For example, secure attachment, which is categorised by a PCG who is caring and understanding will lead to an empathetic adult who is able to create meaningful relationships. Similarly, infants who have an insecure avoidant attachment type due to a rejecting PCG, leads to an adult who is instant and intolerant in romantic relationships.

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There are certain things that a child must learn because the knowledge is not innate. Parents are meant to guide and protect children. Parents are the ones who inform kids how they should use the bathroom, children need to learn how to brush their teeth, tie their shoes, and more because these are abilities that require informing a children before they could independently put their learned skills to use. Likewise, in Schmidt’s article, a mother promotes independent behavior meanwhile she is not aware of the necessary safety precautions needed. Like anyone the mother could only take on the responsibility of herself and her child yet she allows her child to go about by himself; this is proven when the article states, “by allowing him to cross the street and go to the park alone.”

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305 Words | 2 Pages

Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver in 1980 were able to move the theory of attachment and children into developed theories of attachment on adulthood relationships. They found that even in cases of adults a strong attachment is still very important, Hazan and Shaver (1980) concluded that a balance intimacy with independence within a relationship is best, if the attachment was too strong both parties would be over dependent, and if the attachment was weak there would be a lack of intimacy with feeing of inadequacy (Hazan and Shaver, 1980). Many past findings have suggested that secure attachment is related to high levels of self-esteem; such is found evident in Wilkinson (2004) research about the role of parental and peer attachment in the psychological

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Although we are studying theories, some of them appear to explain human behavior and personality with certain accuracy. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth theories of attachment can also explain what happens to people when attachment to their parents or caregivers is healthy or potential problems that could occur due to detachments. They suggest that individuals raised with secure attachments to their primary caregivers help them to feel secure; moreover, these children appear to be more socially skilled and less likely to experience major emotional disturbances. However, failure to form healthy attachments, especially mother-child, could serve as a descriptive mechanism for many negative psychological outcomes later in the life of an individual,

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Therefore, a child is more likely to be curious and explore the environment should there be a haven to return to which is given by the primary caregiver and by allow the child to do this, they will develop

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445 Words | 2 Pages

Summary: The researchers believed that children’s disorganized attachment “is characterized as the absence or breakdown of an attachment strategy (Van London, Juffer & Van Ijzendoorn, 2007, p.1250), which would lead to cognitive dysfunction and externalizing actions. Thus, in order to get deeper understandings of the relationship, the researchers were targeting on the relationships between types of attachment (secure, insecure and disorganized) with oversea adoptees’ developmental functionality. Mother’s sensitivity—capabilities of recognizing children’s needs and response to the needs suffciently—was also taken into account simultaneously. To be more specific, the hypothesis was comprised by three components: adoptees’ attachment was less secured and organized compared to nonadoptees; adopted children’s mental and psychomotor abilities were developing slower compared to peers; association between attachment and mental and motor development (Van London et al.). 70 adoptive Dutch families and their internationally adopted children were in the study, and all of the adoptees were having history of being institutionalized.

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Theories (Erikson & Attachment) According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, trust vs. mistrust, occurs in the first year of life. Erikson believed that the caregiver’s response to the infant’s cries help them develop a sense of trust, when the caregiver responds right away to the infant’s distress of crying or fussing (Mooney, 2000). Erikson believed that in the earliest years of life, mainly during infancy, patterns of trust or mistrust are formed that control, or at least influence, a person’s actions or interactions for the rest of life (Erikson, 1950). Bowlby hypothesized that children are born with a predisposition to be attached to caregivers and that children will organize their behavior and thinking in order to maintain those relationships (Bettmann, 2006).

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Theories, Key Concepts, Principles, and Assumptions Two theories that will be discussed in this paper is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and John Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Erikson’s theory is considered psychosocial, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors within a lifespan, from infancy to later adulthood. Erikson’s theory is broken down into eight consecutive age-defined stages. During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development.

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2002 Words | 9 Pages

Introduction An opportunity to work at Regency Hospice in Murrells, SC, provided the chance to meet a patient by the name of Mr. Henry. He is a war veteran aged sixty-seven years old. In his old age he had been diagnosed with liver failure, which provided some challenges in life. Davis, 2011, recognizes that there are some challenges from liver failure such as psychological, mental and physical trauma that result in a reduction in the quality of life.

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856 Words | 4 Pages

Introduction The purpose of this discussion paper is to discuss a specific issue of the client, Laura, and the intervention model of Attachment Theory. Key features of the intervention model will be addressed, as well as the manner in which the model will be applied to a specific issue experienced by the client. Each of these aspects will be discussed in regards to their helpfulness in the intervention. Issue Statement

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1214 Words | 5 Pages

The paper mainly focuses on the conceptual framework of Attachment theory as well as attachment style of a client with Self-esteem issues that helps in the case formulation and treatment plan in Cognitive Behavioural Theory (CBT). Attachment style can be explained as an emotional connection of one person with another. The aim of this research study is to evaluate an association between attachment theory and cognitive behavioural approaches, explicitly pointing out similarities as well as differences between both. For the research analysis, qualitative research methodology has been selected for which distinctive previous researches, books and journal article resources has been examined as the gathered evidences are based on attachment theory

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Since the ‘50s, Bowlby worked alone and with distinguished colleagues such as psychoanalyst James Robertson, ethologist/zoologist Robert Hinde and psychologist Mary Ainsworth on several different studies. Bowlby suggested that due to the attachment between children and their carers, children suffer loss when they are separated. Bowlby’s study with the ethologist Robert Hinde, inspired the idea that certain attachment behaviours have evolved as a survival mechanism (Bergen, 2008). The core of the theory today is that the quality of close relationships affects personality, emotional and social development not only in childhood but throughout the life of the individual (Howe, 2001). This suggests that attachment theory is effectively a biological, psychological and social theory of human development.

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Although the three components are seemingly different, taking a closer and in depth look at depression and schizophrenia: depression is an illness that affects the entire body- affecting mostly a persons mood and their outlook on life, depression zones in on internal insecurities and can be labeled as a form of bipolar basically ones relationship with themselves. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder whereby thoughts are severely impaired, social interactions is kept to a minimum. Interpersonal relationships, depression and schizophrenia are all relationships based on ones internal state thus if our internal state is somewhat impaired, it imposes on the relationships we currently have and may or may not form in

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