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Essay On Hippocampus

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The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long term memory and spatial navigation. Significant fractions of graft-derived cells also expressed beneficial neurotrophic factors such as the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. This grafting counteracted the injury-induced reductions and abnormalities in neurogenesis by both maintaining a normal level of neural stem cell activity in the subgranular zone and providing protection to reelin+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus. The role of neural stem cells on hippocampus in memory is reviewed in this article.

KEY WORDS: neural stem cells, hippocampus, memory, neurogenesis, brain.

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Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one on each side of the brain. The hippocampus is located just below the cerebral cortex. Whereas in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface[3,4]. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus. Graft-derived cells exhibited excellent survival and pervasive migration. The graft derived cells were differentiated into various cells like neurons, astrocytes, inter-neurons, and oligodendrocytic progenitors[5,6]. Lots of research work is going on whether neural stem cell (NSC) grafting after hippocampal injury would counteract impairments in mood, memory, and neurogenesis. In mammals, the insertion of new neurons could modulate the capability of the adult hippocampal network to handle the storage of new memories or the clearance of old

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