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Mucositis Case Studies

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Oral mucositis is an inflammatory reaction of the mucosa lining the oral cavity and oropharynx and is a very common complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Mucositis occurs because of damage by radiation, to the epithelial cells lining the mucosa resulting in loss of epithelial cells. Damage to the basal layers of mucosa, the layer where stem cells are located, results in reduced regeneration as well. The oral mucosa has a very high cell turnover, renewal of total mucosa occurring in 3-5 days, making them very vulnerable to cellular damage. There can be a direct DNA damage by radiation resulting in death of cells. The DNA damage can also be indirectly caused by reactive free radicals generated by the action of ionizing radiation on water molecules. This results in release of multiple cytokines like IL 1, IL 6, TNF beta etc., resulting in mucosal erythema and edema. Eventually the mucosal ulcers get covered by thick exudates forming a fragile pseudomembrane. RT also affects the salivary gland functions reducing and altering the salivary composition. The reduced glycoprotein content in saliva result in loss of protection to mucosa, making them vulnerable to mechanical and chemical irritants, thereby aggravating the mucositis. Mucositis has a clear dose response curve, with erythema starting around second week of RT. The following …show more content…

During RT it may result in pain, distress, nutritional compromise, weight loss and may interfere with execution and completion of planned treatment compromising oncological outcomes. Consequentially, severe grades of mucositis may cause long term complications like prolonged feeding tube dependence, oral fibrosis, mucosal infections/ bleeding, trismus, thereby severely reducing the patient’s wellbeing. This makes prevention, timely recognition and appropriate management of mucositis very

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373 Words | 2 Pages

The patient had a bad fever so he took antibiotics that killed a majority of his bacteria. The antibiotic killed an enormous amount of necessary bacteria called L. reuteri. This bacteria produces gut mucus. The gut mucus protects the patient from letting bad bacteria in, so

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688 Words | 3 Pages

Although there were many short-term effects of the war, there were many long-term effects as well. The most significant long-term effect is cancer. The common types of cancer caused by radiation exposure are thyroid cancer and leukemia. Even after twenty years, children of those exposed to radiation were born with birth defects. People also suffered from keloids, scars that swelled after healing, and cataracts, the condition of foggy eyes.

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1531 Words | 7 Pages

Management and Treatment General management includes nutritional assessment and support as well as advice on smoking cessation. A big emphasis is placed on diet control and avoiding certain food groups including dairy, yeast and gluten. Eating smaller portions, as well as restricting the amount of carbohydrates and high fibre food consumed has been associated with an improvement in symptoms . Furthermore, an elemental diet containing essential amino acids, vitamins, fats and sugars can be recommended for effective symptomatic control .

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186 Words | 1 Pages

Nutrition is really important for those patients. Because these patients produce lots of mucus in the intestine, the mucus interfere with the appropriate absorption of vitamin, fats, and nutrients

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1673 Words | 7 Pages

This was the first finding of an atomic bomb radiation-induced disease,

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671 Words | 3 Pages

Bowel elimination is a physiological process in which waste is created by the metabolism of the body and is excreted by the gastrointestinal system. Diarrhea caused by clostridium difficile (C.diff) is due to a disruption in normal gastrointestinal flora. C.Diff is a gram-positive bacteria that is commonly found in patients within the hospital setting, and infection is often a consequence of antibiotic usage. Initially, the symptoms present as severe cramping of the abdomen, and frequent large watery stools. The symptoms associated with an infection caused by C.diff are the result of gastroenteritis which is “a very common health problem worldwide that causes diarrhea and/or vomiting as a result of INFLAMMATION of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestinal tract.

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731 Words | 3 Pages

radiodurans is no exception. The bacterium can survive acute doses of ionizing radiation at levels exceeding 10,000 Gy, and is proficient at growing under chronic levels of 60 Gy/hour. For comparison, the average human cannot survive 5 Gy of radiation, and Escherichia coli is sterilized by 2,000 Gy (Daly, 2011). Secondary to radiation-resistance is D. radiodurans’ ability to repel DNA damage in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, dessication, and ultraviolet light. Conclusive reasoning for such efficient and extraordinary survival does not currently exist, but most research points to the bacterium containing “…all systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export, desiccation and starvation recovery, and genetic redundancy present in one cell” (White, 1999).

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832 Words | 4 Pages

The radiation released by the bombs caused burns, injuries, and radiation sickness in those who were close to the epicenter of the blasts. Those who survived the initial impact of the bombs faced a lifetime of health problems due to exposure to radiation. Radiation exposure caused a range of health problems, including cancer, leukemia, and other diseases. The long-term effects of radiation exposure were not fully understood at the time of the bombings, and many survivors were not aware of the risks they faced. In the years following the bombings, many survivors developed serious health problems, and many died as a result of radiation exposure.

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392 Words | 2 Pages

I am writing you for an assignment on behalf of an issue I think needs to be addressed; Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis. This issue is important and needs attention because many kids and babies die from whooping cough each year. If parents don’t get their children vaccinated they could get whooping cough and get very sick or pass it on to other children who could get sick. If small children or infants get whooping cough they could die because they don’t have as strong immune systems; same with elderly people. I care about this because it is very sad to see kids die and the percentage of deaths per year could rise.

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1226 Words | 5 Pages

Also bone marrow can be damaged and dropped white cell counts, bleeding, destruction of the stomach and anemia can occur. (atomicbombmuseum.org, 14). With radiation mutations of DNA can happen. Like the radiation can mess up your body’s ability to replicate and produce new cells or even make copies of the healthy ones. Black rain can also come from the atomic bomb indirectly because the bomb releases the Uranium and Plutonium into the atmosphere and the smoke and the carbon in the bomb all mix together in the atmosphere and causes rain to fall but the rain is very acidic so it can burn you and cause a great deal of harm to your body.

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1771 Words | 8 Pages

Radiation sickness was a major killer for the first few weeks after the atomic bomb. The radiation sickness would cause someone to look like they were getting better and then die; this terrified many of the survivors not knowing who was going to die. Another long last effect of the atomic bomb’s radiation was cancer.” The British Mission has estimated that people in the open had a 50% chance of surviving the effects of radiation,” (Hersey 95). Many of the survivors that were exposed to the radiation and survived got cancer later in their life.

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1394 Words | 6 Pages

he results indicate the effectiveness of both drug use and improve the quality of life scores both of article related to oral health patients also made findings being independent markers of effectiveness of medications the patient is more mucosa on the rate of artificial saliva, respectively. Key words: artificial saliva , propolis , mucositis ,Leukemia Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) is a term to describe an oral mucosa inflammation as a chemotherapy side effect. Clinical features combine erythema, edema and sensitivity, followed by painful ulceration and mucosal bleeding. Patients with severe OM are unable to eat, speak or swallow due to pain.

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1124 Words | 5 Pages

In the Chicago land area alone, gentrification plays a huge role. Gentrification is the process of renewal and rebuilding accompanying the influx or middle class of affluent people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents. In other words, it is when the city tears down a building where people live, to update its area and raises prices so high that tenants cannot afford it any longer, forcing past tenants to move into poorer areas. Hundreds of lower and middle class income people have been afflicted by gentrification in Chicago, but it really isn't as bad as people make it seem, it is a sign of economic growth and improvement. Dave Ross states in his article how gentrification works that, “Many aspects of everyday life are being changed for the better, buildings and parks are renovated and beautiful.

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1318 Words | 6 Pages

Abstract Exfoliative cheilitis is a rare disorder of unknown etiology causing inflammation of lips. Constant cyclical desquamation along with scaling and crusting of the lips are the salient features. These cases are usually refractory to treatment, as experienced and reported in the previous literature. We hereby report two cases of exfoliative cheiltis successfully treated with topical tacrolimus and oral olanzapine. One of our two cases was refractory to almost all forms of treatments.

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1613 Words | 7 Pages

Dental radiographs are important tools in the diagnosis of oral diseases. It helps the dentist to employ appropriate treatment regimen for patient’s dental conditions, and plays a continual important role in dental practice. Radiation dosage from such dental radiographs are low and are thought to present minimal risk (Enabulele & Igbinedion, 2013) The radiation protection is the science and art of protecting people and environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.

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