ccording to lecture, the four mechanisms of evolutionary forces are mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Mutation is defined by a change in the genetic code. This happens spontaneously. There are three major types of mutation. Point mutation is when there is a change in base substitution and may or may not produce a new amino acid. Frameshift mutation is when there is base insertion or deletion in the DNA. Lastly, chromosomal mutation is a change in one of the chromosomal pairs, such as a deletion, duplication, inversion, or translocation.
Natural Selection is a term coined by Charles Darwin that is best defined as the biological enhancement that increases the chance of survival from generation to generation (Kobari).