Natural selection is a process of nature. It decides who survives to procreate, and those who die along the way. Natural selection is often described as “Survival of the Fittest”, which is actually not a bad way to describe it. All animals are born with variations, from fur color, eye color, beak size, paw size, you name it and it is almost definitely variant. Most of those variants can affect an animal's ability to survive in their environment. Such as with finches, their beak size affect what seeds they can eat and how easily they can eat them. This influences their evolution, and I'll go more in depth in that in the 3rd paragraph. But those variations allow them to survive long enough to procreate, the ultimate goal.
Along with natural selection there is a very similar process called artificial selection. Artificial selection is a lot like natural selection, except there's nothing too natural about it. Dogs are a prime example of artificial selection. Artificial selection is the evolving of a species through animals selected to procreate. Unlike natural selection where it's all influenced by nature and the like, artificial is where the animals that
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For example, in an environment where only bigger seeds are readily available the bigger beaked finches will be able to survive and go on to procreate, the goal of survival, and pass on those bigger beaks to any children they would have. But, the finches in that environment with smaller beaks would probably die. They wouldn't survive long enough to procreate and pass on those smaller beaks, so natural selection would affect the species by having them evolve to only have big beaks in that area. The “Survival of the Fittest” is most relevant with that part of natural selection. Those who manage to survive and procreate are the best fit of the species, and so live to pass on the traits that help them to survive onto the next