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Examples Of Contextual Virtues

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xploration of Cognitive Virtues and Contextual Virtues within Various Scientific Theories and their Applications Scientific theories and hypotheses possess characteristics indicate to be the main properties within them and it is what makes them distinctive. These core virtues became the essential initial frameworks to construct viable scientific theories. Currently, many have categorized virtues according to their purposes and consideration of other factors. Therefore, establishing cognitive virtues and contextual virtues. With those criteria, many classify Kuhn’s traditional virtue to be cognitive virtues. Whereas, the alternative virtues proposed by Longino are considered as contextual virtues. However, in “Gender, Politics, and the Theoretical …show more content…

Virtues which are not considered as cognitive are by default identified as contextual. An example of contextual virtues is Longino six feminist’s virtues: empirical adequacy, novelty, ontological heterogeneity, the complexity of interaction, applicability to human needs, and diffusion of power. Many have compared Longino’s alternative virtues to Kuhn’s to exhibit the distinctions between contextual and cognitive …show more content…

Ontological heterogeneity organized the main theory in various species sub-categories, thus creating niches within the main overarching theory. Thus, concising the overarching broader theory into several concise theories. Medicine back in the day are based on the male anatomy and their data will the standard for everything. Hence, causing many medicines be only meant for men. This caused many women’s illnesses to be misdiagnosed and be untreated. In this scenario, ontological heterogeneity exhibits cognitive aspects proven with the establishment of specialized medicine, which is only possible with the acceptance of there being different categories within

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Heinrichs supports his claim by stating, “The second characteristic of ethos, virtue, also has its disconnects, and it makes an especially good lie detector. Aristotle lets you put up a red flag even if you don’t know the person, even while he talks. The secret lies on Aristotle’s defintion of virtue ‘A state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean’... And you can use it to enhance your own reputation as well as evaluate the character of another person,” (Heinrichs 176). The author’s purpose is to describe the benefits of using ethos’ characteristic of virtue in order to make an argument more credible.

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The authors in this week 's reading displayed an interestingly skillful use of logos, pathos, and ethos to help persuade the reader to share the writer 's viewpoint on gender equality. In certain works, a specific type of rhetorical appeal prevails over the others. A great example of this is Judith Sargent Murray 's "On the Equality of the Sexes." In this work, she primarily utilizes logos to support her main point that males are not mentally superior to women. Once again, logos is an appeal to logic, in which the author attempts to persuade the audience with evidence and valid reasoning.

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An article posted in May 2015 to the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, written by Peggy Connolly, Ruth Ann Athaus,

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Instead of continuing the encouragement of progressive women 's rights, Browder showed that we reflect on the gift of authentic femininity as antithetical to radical feminism. A real page turner, this book is one of the more fantastic compilation of reflections, essays, memoirs, and historical facts about moral issues such as critical with regard to the dignity of human

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For example, in Classics of Filial Piety for Women, Madam Cheng from Tang dynasty emphasizes female leadership role and argues that women could “govern the nine degrees of familial relations” with filial piety (826). Furthermore, Madam Cheng suggests that women also play an important role in supervising their husbands’ moral conducts. She reinforces women’s moral influence by comparing husband and wife to emperor and officials (827). Similarly, in Analects for Women, the female author Song Ruozhao also points out married woman’s responsibility of remonstrance, “If he [the husband] does something wrong, gently correct him (830).” Therefore, with an emphasis on women’s leadership role and moral influence on family members, these instructional texts elevate women’s social status in the domestic sphere to some degree.

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As a women’s rights activist, she questions the universality of Emerson’s self-reliance by pointing out the gender bias in his languages and states that women are also capable of self-reliance. In addition, she also explores the possibility of self-reliance in political and social realm—more specifically, the possibility of self-reliance in the institution of marriage. However, she still

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Benjamin Franklin and His 13 Virtues In part II of Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography, he lists the 13 virtues every man should follow to establish a modeled “habitude” that would better life for all men of the time period. Although not all men of the 1780s were perfect examples of these virtues, these virtues are what the “old lights” strived to be. The virtues “occurred to [Franklin] as necessary or desirable” (Franklin, 428). The success of the nation was reliant on heading towards a similar goal - a goal to be a well-respected example for the nation.

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Theoretical virtues are said to be traits that are representative of virtues pertaining to theories, beliefs, and hypotheses. Since time immemorial, philosophers of science have undertaken multiple methodologies that use these theoretical virtues as a collective to establish an objective standard, which is further used to compare theories in order to sought out which theory is the most competent. However, even though this methodology has been practiced repeatedly over the years, a certain issue that always arises is that there has to be a distinction made between two types of theoretical values: cognitive and pragmatic. A virtue is said to be cognitive when it is indicative of the truth or is the truth. This is different from when a theory

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Shakespearean Sonnets William Shakespeare is one of the world’s most famous playwrights. Historians aren’t sure exactly when he was born, but most agree that it was probably April 23, 1564 (Andrews v). He not only was successful writing plays, but also with writing poetry. From 1592 to 1595, the theater Shakespeare presented his plays in had closed, which left him with no means of income (Rowse 198). To compensate, Shakespeare wrote sonnets instead.

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“The most finite resource for all humans is time.” My father says this to me all the time, and I’m beginning to understand why he says it. So my personal philosophy, at this point in time, is that since time on Earth is limited, one must make that short time meaningful and make the most of that time. This can be done by living life by a moral code, chasing one’s goals, as well as being aware of one’s own deficiencies. Living by a moral code requires that one defines that code.

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The virtue theory, which pursues virtuous principles, strategies and actions, can lead companies to understand their values, including mission, purpose, profit potential and other objectives. Virtuous employees tend to perform their roles consistently and competently in the direction of the company's goals. Virtues are the kind of thing you allow someone to take action to appreciate. Business people increase their likelihood of reaching their values and goals when they reach Objectivist virtues. Virtues emphasize the importance of each employee's valuable contribution.

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Essential Virtues: Achieving a Good Life Man has always sought after what he deemed a “good life”. A good life is being able to achieve one’s goals, pursuit of happiness, or when life’s blessings outweigh the burdens. Virtues help guide one to become morally excellent and live a fulfilling life. A virtue can be a behavior, personality trait, or habit that affects one’s emotions, perceptions and choice in life.

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