Receiving the tragic news that his younger brother, Allie, has died of cancer, he struggles to comprehend that he has genuinely left this life. So, motivated by pain and desperation, he smashes the windows in the garage one by one with his fist, breaking his hand. This occurs in Catcher in the Rye written by J. D. Salinger follows sixteen-year-old Holden Caulfield for two days after he gets expelled from prep school. Additionally, befuddled and disillusioned, Holden, seeks the truth while rebelling against the "phoniness" of the grownup realm. Moreover, Holden is frequently regarded as the archetypal angsty adolescent: obsessed with his own problems, careless, and enraged with "phonies'' he sees everywhere. He alternates between running away …show more content…
His illnesses are conveyed through his constant substance abuse, outbursts, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, in J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield displays through his actions that he suffers with the stages of grief, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
To begin, grief is a powerful emotional response to a loss, and with it comes the 5 stages of intense denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. In addition, according to Mary O’Connor, achieving a Ph.D. in the Department of Psychology at the University of Arizona, for the National Library of Medicine exemplifies through vigorous research how grief affects the different regions in the brain and the
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In addition, Josh Watson, a licensed clinical social worker and an affirming psychologist, describes how PTSD can have ever changing effects on adolescents brain chemistry. Watson illustrates the different kinds of traumatic experiences that can cause PTSD, such as, when Holden witnessed James Castle commit suicide and see his little brother Allie die from leukemia. Likewise, Holden expresses signs of panic throughout the novel as a result of the trauma in his life. Hilary Lebow, a journalist with fitness and nutrition certifications through the Yoga Alliance and the National Academy of Sports Medicine, pronounces that PTSD entails feelings of “Irritability, feeling on edge, difficulty with concentration, heightened startle response, sudden bursts of anger” (8). In the novel, Holden’s friend James from boarding school got continuously bullied, worse than Holden and the bullies physically, emotionally, and sexually harrasses James leading him to jump out the window wearing Holden’s shirt. Additionally, Holden’s old teacher, Mr. Antolini, let him spend the night at his house due to his sudden tiredness. Holden frighteningly declared how “I woke up. I felt something on my head, some guy's hand. Boy, it really scared hell out of me. What it was, it was Mr. Antolini's hand. What he was doing