Examples Of Statistical Infrequency (Determinants Of Abnormality)

Statistical infrequency (determinants of abnormality). Here any behaviour or thinking that is rare or statistically unusual is classified as abnormal. (McLeod, 2018). An example is a very subset of the population (<2.2%) have an IQ below 70. Such people are statistically rare because anyone with IQ below 70 has abnormally low intelligence. Also, those who score extremely high are regarded as a genius, they are statistically rare because they have an IQ above 70, which means they are highly intelligent. Another example is when a population sees hallucination as uncommon, therefore, anyone who hallucinates is regarded as abnormal. (Gross, 2014). Statistical infrequency does not consider the desirability of behaviors or traits. For instance, many

The manual was 130 pages long and listed 106 mental disorders. In that same year, the American Psychiatry Association (APA) listed homosexuality in the DSM as a sociopathic personality disturbance. DSM II (1968). In the 1960s, there were many challenges to the concept of mental illness. The DMS II was published in 1968, listed 182 disorders and was 134 pages long. DMS II reflected the predominant psychodynamic psychiatry. The main problem with this was the lack of an objective and reliable system for describing psychopathology and determining the diagnosis. DMS III (1980), in 1974, they decided to create a new revision of the DMS and Robert Spitzer was elected as the chairman of the task force. The psychodynamic or physiological view was abandoned in favour of legislative model. Innovations of DMS III include a provision of the definition of mental disorder, presentation of diagnostic criteria for each disorder, an introduction of the multiaxial diagnostic format, redefining several major disorders, for instance, elimination of neurosis, addition of new diagnostic categories, like personality disorders and presentation of a hierarchical organization of diagnostic categories. (Psychiatry.org, 2018). DMS IV (1994) Revised 2000, a major change from previous versions was the inclusion of a clinical significance criterion to almost half of all the categories, which required that symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social occupational or other important areas of functioning. DMS IV organized each psychiatric diagnosis into five axes relating to different aspects of the disorder. Axis I: all psychological diagnostic categories except mental retardation and personality disorder. Axis II: personality disorder and mental retardation. Axis III: general medical conditions (physical disorder). Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems. Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (local at the developmental delay in