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Explain The Process Involved In The Production Of Speech

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Many people do not consider everything that happens within their body when they produce sounds, as it is an everyday and seemingly simplistic occurrence. However, the production of speech is an extremely complex process that requires extensive work and compliance from various areas within the body. Speech production begins in the brain and finishes when the sounds exit the mouth and are picked up by a receiver. The processes involved in the production of speech are respiration, phonation, articulation and resonance. Generating in the brain, the order of events leading to sound production include nerve impulses, muscle contractions, movements, altered cavity shapes, air pressure changes, and then finally sound. The plan for sound production …show more content…

The lungs increase and decrease the volume of air through expansion and contraction. Inhalation is the process of bringing air into the lungs. In order for this to occur, the alveolar pressure must be negative to force the air into the respiratory system. Inhalation requires the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to increase the thoracic cavity, creating room for the lungs to expand. The amount of air that an individual inhales is influenced by the intensity or loudness of a particular utterance. Exhalation is the process of letting air out of the respiratory system. In order for this process to occur, alveolar pressure must be more than the atmospheric pressure. During this process the diaphragm relaxes, and returns to its dome shape, which decreases the amount of space in the thoracic cavity as the lungs release air. Breathing for speech is a complex process because appropriate amounts of breath are necessary for the production of various speech sounds. The amount of air exhaled is correlated to the length of time an individual can speak without taking breaks for more air. Exhalation from the lungs acts as the source of power but, the actions that are performed within the upper airways are what transform this air into …show more content…

It begins with the thought and the brain signals the muscles and organs. The air from the lungs travels up the vocal tract through the vocal folds, making that air an audible noise. The resonant frequencies filter that sound. The size and shape of the spaces in the vocal tract determine the frequencies, which are determined by the positioning of the articulators. These various processes; respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation are very important for the production of speech. Without proper functioning of any of these processes and/or the brain, an individual could experience great difficulty producing speech sounds or be unable to produce any sounds at all. Speech production requires more effort than is visible. It is important for people to consider this process and acknowledge the importance of living a healthy lifestyle to continue to experience proper

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As you can see less air is moving through the vocal folds. On the right sight of the diagram, it shows the glottic cycle for someone who has a loud voice. More air is moving through the vocal folds than someone who has a soft voice. The glottis cycle is divided into phases: opening phase, open phase, closing phase, and closed phase. During the closed phase, the air pressure builds up below the vocal folds.

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On the contrary, Elena Passarello believes that the whole body participates in the process of making a sound. She makes her point clear about the contest between the diaphragm and the body’s role in producing a sound in the essay Hey Big Spender. She notes that vocal communication can draw out emotions contrary to the conventional knowledge that it was a physical aspect. “Elsewhere in the body, it sends a jolt of adrenaline to quicken the heart and tense major muscles, prepping them for a sprint across the veldt away from danger” (Passarello

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Respiratory sounds can also define as breath sounds or lung sounds. It is generated through the turbulence of airflow in our respiratory tract. The air breath in and out are transmitted through air, liquid and solid and to the chest wall. Each properties of substance that the air attenuated lead to different degree and intensity of breath sounds (Jones, 1995a). Breath sounds can divided into three type, normal, abnormal and diminished (Alexandra Hough, 2001).

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Lung volume and lung capacity are two measurements of respiratory health and measured during pulmonary functions tests. It is show the physical condition of the lungs. Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation). Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside

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Phonetics can best be described as “the study of the physical production and perception of speech sounds that occur in each language and in all languages” while phonology studies how these speech sounds (i.e., phonemes) are organized as part of the grammar within a specific language system (Moats, 2020, p. 72). Humans have used speaking as a mode of communication for approximately 100,000 years but have only started to read and write within the past 5,000 to 10,000 years due to Chinese and Mediterranean tribal signs and Egyptian hieroglyphics (Moats, 2020). Thus, reading and writing are not natural processes for the human brain. In her text, Speech to Print, Dr. Louisa Cook Moats, explores the benefits of teaching phonetics and phonology to

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The heart may have the sinoatrial node (SA node) to trigger contraction, but in order for us to breath our nervous system has to signal for us to begin the process of ventilation (breathing). Our brain stem has three parts to it, but only the pons and medulla oblongata play a key role in breathing. The medulla helps set the respiratory rhythm by receiving and sending impulses to a bundle of neurons called the ventral respiratory group to the phrenic nerve to bring about contraction in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. All this only happens though due to the sensors of the chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptors located in the medulla and carotid and aortic bodies detect a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2).

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This highlighted the idea that we habitually combine body parts to produce our voice, but they are supposed to work interdependently of each other. Furthermore, this lesson taught me about where everything was exactly; for example, I didn’t know the tongue extend down toward the jaw. Therefore, this lesson of the anatomy of our voice helped me to get a better understand of what we were working with.

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Various techniques and methodologies have been developed that allow us to know with great precision what goes on anatomically when human and non-human primates vocalize, from the lungs to the lips (Hardcastle et al., 1989; Fitch and Hauser, 1995; Fishman, 2003; Ghazanfar and Rendall, 2008). However, the question of why (only) humans have speech in the first place remains to be categorically answered. Different purely anatomical arguments have been put forward, such as the uniqueness of the descended human larynx (Fant, 1960; Lieberman and Crelin, 1971) or the loss of air sacs in humans (de Boer, 2012), but both arguments have been seriously questioned (Fitch and Reby, 2001; Nishimura et al., 2006; Littauer, 2012). In fact arguments of this type all share a general problem: they fail to grasp the mosaic nature of cognitive faculties that evolution has tinkered with.

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